WHOLE VOL. SKELETAL REMAINS OF EARLY MAN HRDLICKA 273 



in both skeletons than in the femora of today ; and the popHteal surface 

 in bones of both individuals is slightly convex, as in the other Neander- 

 thalers. 



Tibiae. — Male bones, no heads ; female, retroversion of head about 

 as in La Chapelle, articular facets large, shallow. The bones are not 

 platycnemic. 



Fibulae. — Male ; robust, relatively large extremities ; shaft more 

 flattened than in La Chapelle. 



Astragalus. — " The astragalus or ankle-bone is short, high, and 

 broad. The head is much bent, denoting that the great toe was widely 

 separated from its neighbours. The articular surface for the scaphoid 

 points to a much depressed instep. The malleolar facets for the 



Fig. 26. — Scapulae of Neanderthal and La Ferrassie compared. (After Boule.) 



tibia and fibula show a development comparable to that observed in 

 apes. In its extent, the facet for the fibula recalls that of anthropoid 

 types .... it is the astragalus of a walking mammal, which, how- 

 ever, has retained many relics of a former climbing state." * 



Calcaneus. — Voluminous, stocky, long; sustentaculum much de- 

 veloped ; articular surfaces more primitive than at present. 



Bones of the feet. — Indicate a considerable separation of the first 

 toe ; the scaphoid is thick ; the metatarsals are robust and with stout 

 ends; the first metatarsal is relatively voluminous in the male, with 

 shaft flattened and ovoid as in apes rather than man ; in the female 

 the bone is relatively short. 



Pathological (Hrdlicka). — Male: Lower part of one femur and a 

 tibia show i>eriostitis with slight osteitis — much as in syphilis. 



' Boule, M., Fossil Men, pp. 220-221, 1923. 



