288 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 83 



again, as in the other Neanderthalers, are relatively small, not promi- 

 nent, and sloping outwards and backwards, but with somewhat broad 

 frontal processes and zygomata. Nothing definite can be said about 

 the nose but that it was evidently broad, and that there had existed 

 more or less of a nasal spine. 



The upper jaw is relatively very large. The shape of the palate was 

 that of a broad U- The palate was rather deep. The alveolar process 

 was very stout and fairly high, but not very slanting ; there had ex- 

 isted evidently a facial rather than alveolar prognathism. The teeth 

 are strikingly megadont. 



The facial, as well as the cranial bones are not more massive than 

 they are in many of the stronger built skulls of today, which is 

 different from all the other Neanderthal crania. 



The base. — The anterior parts are missing. The glenoid cavities are 

 very shallow, but broad (transversely), extending from the over- 

 developed spinous processes and the tympanic plate mesially, well onto 

 the base of the zygomae laterally. There is no trace of a spine or a 

 styloid ; and between the tympanic plate and the mastoid there is a 

 large space, even more marked than in the other Neanderthalers. 

 There is also a broad space between the mastoid and the lateral edge 

 of the basal portion of the occipital (digastric groove). Both of these 

 features, due in the main to the lesser development of the mastoid, 

 are characteristic of the Neanderthalers, and are absent (pre-mastoid 

 space) or less marked (digastric groove) in human skulls of today. 



The lozver jazv. — The lower jaw is very primitive. It is stout, wholly 

 chinless, and with the inferior portion of the posterior borders of the 

 rami more curved and more anthropoid than in any of the other early 

 mandibles. The alveolar border is stout, the teeth large. There is no 

 diminution in the size of the molars backward. 



The symphyseal region is broad and stout ; the dental arch was 

 U-shaped. The body, while not essentially high, in harmony with 

 other Neanderthal mandibulae, appears nevertheless too high for a fe- 

 male. It is distinctly higher on the left than on the right side. In- 

 feriorly the jaw presents much more of a definite dull border than do 

 other Neanderthalers or the Mauer jaw. These is no trace of any 

 shelf ; and the anterior region, though very broad, approaches that in 

 the jaws of today. The rami, above the modern average in breadth, 

 are also rather high (H., approx., 7.8; Diam. min., 4.7 cm.). The 

 condyles are broad, but not stout. The coronoid processes are about 

 as in strong modern jaws, and the sigmoid notches are well marked — 

 not shallow as in the other Neanderthalers. 



