WHOLE VOL. SKELETAL REMAINS OF EARLY MAN HRDLICKA 29 1 



Dorsally there is present on each side but especially on the right, 

 a fairly marked dull ridge such as is seen in the La Chapelle jaw ; 

 but the condition is less developed and the ridges do not reach per- 

 ceptibly the outer ends of the condyles. Anteriorly to them, however, 

 there are marked fossae. Ventrally the rami are much like those in 

 stronger modern jaws, but the mylohyoid ridge is more developed and 

 the fossae for the internal pterygoids are very spacious. 



The brain. — The brain of the La Quina skull was larger than that of 

 Gibraltar, but smaller than those of the La Chapelle and Neanderthal 

 crania. In form it was much the same as that of the other Neanderthal 

 subjects, particularly those with the narrower skulls. There is a very 

 marked smallness of the frontal lobes, a considerable overhanging 

 of the occipital lobes of the cerebrum, and a marked separation of 

 the two halves of the cerebellum. The left hemisphere shows a some- 

 what better development than the right, though the right appears to 

 have been slightly longer. The convolutions of the La Quina brain 

 were less simple and gross than those of the man of La Qiapelle and 

 Neanderthal, without reaching the average of the European brain of 

 today. 



Li detail the brain presented some characteristics of inferiority, 

 while in others it approached that of recent man. As in the La 

 Chapelle and the Neanderthal brains, so also in that of La Quina 

 the sulcus Innatus was certainly present. The relative development 

 of the cerebral lobes was almost identical in the La Quina and the 

 La Chapelle brains.' The cerebral breadth-length index of La Quina 

 was 7S.S. 



The teeth. — (After Henri Martin.) The teeth are more powerful 

 than those of Spy and even those of Mauer. The crowns are large 

 and bulging, the enamel thick (reaching 1.5 mm.). The roots are long 

 and stout, their number tends in instances to an increase, and there is 

 a marked inclination to doubling. M3 are as large as. if not larger 

 than, M2. The pulj) chambers are spacious. There is no trace of 

 caries or of abscesses, but there is some tartar. The crowns show 

 marked, somewhat unequal wear." There is also on some oi the teeth 

 a marked contact wear, due to the crowding of the teeth against each 

 other, the result of the large development of the crown. 



* The data on the La Quina brain are those of R. Anthony ; they form a part 

 of Henri Martin's 1923 memoir on L'homme fossile de La Quina, pp. 108-114. 



^ Would be called moderate according to American standards ; no pulp cavity 

 and but little dentine is exposed. 



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