WHOLE VOL. SKELETAL REMAINS OF EARLY MAN HRDLICKA 2P7 



r-, 17; 1m 15-5 mm.). More distally, from about their middle, the 

 tori are flattened from above, but not tapering. Above and behind 

 the tori, as is usual with this conformation, is a marked depression, 

 though with no semblance of the anthropoid medial prefrontal shelv- 

 ing and fossa. 



The forehead is rather narrow (diam. front, min. 9.7 cm.), but 

 better arched than in most of the Neanderthalers and less sloping. 

 From side to side it shows a uniform convexity. It gives indications 

 that the skull was dolichocephalic (diam. front, max. 11.3 cm.) and 

 fairly high, higher relatively than most of the Neanderthal crania.' 

 The frontal squama is about as thick (5-7 mm., Keith) as in stronger 

 modern male skulls ; in this respect it is much like the La Quina skull 

 and near to Krapina C, but exceeded by other Neanderthalers. The 

 surface of the squama shows three scars, one rather deep, caused 

 probably by injuries in life. The temporal crests are about as in 

 modern skulls. The coronal suture was fairly well serrated. 



The endocranial surface shows a strong metopic ridge. The lower 

 half of the squama presents numerous though mostly shallow impres- 

 sions of brain convolutions, some at least of which can be identified 

 with similar depressions in modern skulls. The inferior frontal-most 

 region gives the impression of being somewhat more cramped, not 

 as filled out, and slightly more beaked, than it generally is in modern 

 crania; yet the actual dimensions of the anterior cerebral fossa in 

 length, breadth, and height are much like those in similarly shaped 

 recent skulls. The marked depression and exposure of the cribriform 

 plate of the ethnoid on each side of the rostrum that are seen in 

 most modern skulls, appear to have been much less marked in the Gali- 

 lee specimen. The remaining anterior (sphenoidal) portion of the 

 temporal fossa shows much the same size, shape, foramina, and im- 

 pressions as a dolichocephalic white skull used for comparison. 



The facial parts and the whole frontal as well as general aspect of 

 the fragment give a slightly feminine reflection, and Sir Arthur Keith's 

 inclination to regard the skull as feminine can readily be understood ; 

 but the great supraorbital tori cannot possibly, in view of comparative 

 evidence on the two sexes in apes and of the ontogenetic as well as 

 all racial evidence on the torus in man, be attributed to a female. The 

 student is confronted here with the same difficulty as in the cases of 

 the Spy I, La Quina, and Ehringsdorf specimens. That the i>aleo- 



' " In height of vault the (lalike skull resembles modern skulls; it was not 

 low and tlat-domed as is the case in all typical examples of Neanderthal skulls." 

 Keith, ibid., p. 62. 



