WHOLE VOL. SKELETAL REMAINS OF EARLY MAN HRDLICKA 313 



roots, as in other Neanderthalers, and is quite perceptibly receding; 

 nevertheless there is a mild eminence of a chin. The mental foramen 

 is located beneath Pm2. 



Inferiorly the bone shows the usual neanderthaloid broad surface 

 for the attachment of the digastrics, with a rather marked submental 

 or platysmal (H. Virchow) spine; but the surface is not as fiat as 

 usual in Neanderthal jaws, thus approaching somewhat more closely 

 recent conditions. 



Lingually, anteriorly, there is a fairly marked shelving from above, 

 mildly concave below the incisors, convex below the premolars. In- 

 feriorly this shelving is bounded by a marked dull transverse ridge, 

 the well known epimedial torus of early jaws. In the median line a 

 slight ridge extends from the posterior part of the septum between 

 the middle incisors to the middle of the torus, thus dividing the de- 

 pression below the incisors into two lateral shallow fossae. This 

 vertical ridge does not extend any further downward. 



Beneath the torus is a rather marked median depression, corre- 

 sponding to the anthropoid fossa in this location, without any clear 

 trace of the genial tubercles. Below this depression is another stout 

 dull ridge or rather a bilateral welt, into which merges on each side 

 the much less pronounced mylohyoid ridge. All these conditions are 

 much as in other Neanderthalers, with some individual variations. 

 Below the mylohyoid ridge the body of the bone is full, with but a 

 very faint depression, in this respect approaching modern conditions 

 and dififering markedly from most of the early jaws, in which there 

 are pronounced depressions. 



The teeth were macrodont, the roots of the incisors and canines 

 being thick antero-posteriorly. The alveoli of the canines are con- 

 siderably larger than those of the incisors or the neighboring pre- 

 molars. The alveolus of the posterior premolar on the left side shows 

 a three-quarter version of the tooth on its axis, so that the latter 

 instead of being transversal is directed somewhat obliquely forward. 

 The alveoli of the three molars show a distinct increase in size from 

 before backwards. 



On the whole the jaw is clearly that of an early man and is classi- 

 fied with the Neanderthal type of lower jaws. 



PRINCIPAL MEASUREMENTS 

 (Mainly After Topinard) 



m m . 

 Height at symphysis 31 



Height at M2 23 



Thickness max. at symphysis 14.5 



Thickness at AI2 16 



