WHOLE VOL. SKELETAL REMAINS OF EARLY MAN HRDLICKA 315 



the wall of the hole, at the depth of 1.4 m. (4^ ft.). It was enclosed 

 in a clump of hardened ashes. Nearby and in the same layer elsewhere 

 were quantities of bones of diluvial fauna, elephant (sp.), Rhino- 

 ceros ticJiorJiinits, lion, leopard, cave lion, cave hyena, cave bear, 

 brown bear, bison, wolf, horse, elk, reindeer, etc. 



The stone implements of the lower cultural layer (which enclosed 

 the human jaw) are almost all of quartzite, and of crude workman- 

 ship, on the whole related to the Mousterian. Professor Maska's 

 conclusions were that the cave showed'human occupation that extended 

 over a large part of diluvial time ; that this occupation showed three 

 distinct though not wholly disconnected horizons, the lowest of which 

 gave the human mandible. 



The jaw itself is regrettably only a fragment of the chin with six 

 teeth. The bone is both larger and stouter than in a modern child, 

 and shows various primitive characters ; and the teeth are decidedly 

 large. The symphyseal part was evidently somewhat receding, though 

 there is a slight indication of a chin eminence ; the inferior border 

 of the anterior region of the jaw shows the cupid's bow outline, as 

 it does in the lower jaw of Mauer and more or less in those of the 

 Neanderthalers ; the inferior border itself is broad and flattened, as 

 is general in Neanderthal mandibles ; lingually the bone apparently 

 shelved backward ; and there are other peculiarities. 



The writer has twice seen the original. The specimen makes a 

 strong impression of primitiveness, and of a general relationship with 

 the lower jaws of the Neanderthalers. 



THE MALARNAUD JAW 



The lower jaw of Malarnaud was discovered in 1889 in a small 

 side chamber of the cave of Malarnaud, near the village of Montseron, 

 Arize, France. It lay 2 m. (about 7 ft.) deep beneath a layer of 

 stalagmite, in a mass consisting of reddish clay and a great quantity 

 of bones of Quaternary animals. The fauna was characterized by 

 mammoth. Rhinoceros tichorhinus, the cave lion, cave hyena, and 

 cave bear. 



The bone itself is that of an adolescent, the third molars being 

 still in their sockets. The erupted teeth are missing, with the exception 

 of the first right molar. The jaw is not of great size and is rather low 

 but stout. Like the La Naulette specimen, it shows a somewhat 

 receding chin though with a slight indication of chin eminence.' 



* For original descriptions of the find, see Filhol, H., Bull. Soc. Philomath. 

 Paris, 1889, and Congres Anthrop. prchist., p. 417, 1889. Boule, M., La caverne 

 de Malarnaud; ibid.; also in his Fossil Men, p. 183, 1923. 



