WHOLE VOL. SKELETAL REMAINS OF EARLY MAN HRDLICKA 317 



Upon carefully chiseling the rock away, Sr. Alsiits discovered the 

 human jaw. A portion of the tufa was left adhering to the lingual 

 side of the bone for fear that the latter might crumble to pieces. 



The first notice of the discovery was published in 1909 by Pro- 

 fessor Manuel Cazurro,' who tells us that the specimen lay at the 

 depth of about 5 m. (i64 ft.) from the surface, and that the specimen 

 is nearly complete, lacking only a part of the ramus. The chin is of 

 but slight prominence, the incisors show prognathism, the bone is 

 strong and stout, the muscular insertions very marked, and the third 

 molars are larger than those that precede them ; in all of which 

 characteristics the jaw resembles those of La Naulette, Spy, Malar- 

 naud, and other Quaternary mandibles. 



In 1 91 2 the specimen is mentioned in a brief communication by 

 E. Harle.^ The author tells us that the jaw comes from a very hard 

 travertine that was quarried for building stone, and that was origi- 

 nally deposited by the lake of Baiiolas. He calls attention to the 

 receding character of the symphyseal region and to the advanced 

 wear of the teeth. 



A detailed description of the specimen was given in 191 5 by 

 E. Hernandez-Pacheco and ITugo Obermaier.' These authors tell us 

 that the bone is thoroughly fossilized and of the same color as the 

 stone that enclosed it and still fills all the interior of the specimen ; 

 it is very fragile ; some of the teeth already show cracks due to drying. 

 The left part of the specimen had been damaged during its disengage- 

 ment. The principal primitive characteristics of the jaw brought out 

 by the authors are as follows : 



The transverse diameter of the left condyle, which has left its 

 impression in the tufa, measures 22.9 mm ; it permits an estimate 

 for the bicondylar breadth of 11 cm. The neck of the condyle had 

 been very short. The coronoid process, well preserved on the right, 

 is low and obtuse, its height having about equalled that of the condyle. 

 The notch was shallow, as in the mandibles of the Neanderthalers. 

 The rami are relatively low and broad, and nearly vertical. The 



' Las cuevas de Serinya y otras estaciones prehistoricas del N. E. de Cataluna. 

 Annuari del Institut de Studios Cataluns, 1909, Vol. 2, pp. 24-25, i fig., Bar- 

 celona, 1909. 



* Harle, E., Ensayo de una lista de Mamiferos y Aves del Cuaternario, conoci- 

 dos hasta ahora en la Peninsula Iberica. Tomo 32 del Boletin del Institute 

 Geologico de Espana, pp. 135-162, Madrid, 1912. 



^La mandibula neandertaloide de Banolas. Publ. of the Comision de inves- 

 tigaciones paleontologicas y prehistoricas. Memoria numero 6, 42 pp., 9 pis., 

 2 figs., Madrid, 1915. 



