3l8 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.83 



height of the left ramus from the gonion to the apex of the condyle 

 was approximately 7 cm. ; the vertical height from the coronoid 

 process vi^as 6.1 to 6.2 cm. ; the minimum breadth of the right ramus 

 is 3.99, or practically 4 cm. The bigonial diameter was about 10.3 

 cm.; mandibular angle, 105°. The body of the jaw is stout, rather 

 low, and very appreciably convex. The mental foramina are situated 

 beneath the Pm 2. The length of the body, from the posterior border 

 of the ramus to the anterior alveolar point, is 11.08 cm. 



Height of the body between second and third molars 2.95 cm. (R. side) 



Height at mental foramen 2.76 ( R. side) 



Height at symphysis » 2.67 



The stoutness of the bone could not be measured on account of the 

 rock which fills the interior of the specimen. The symphyseal region 

 shows but a slight chin eminence. The angle formed by the external 

 line of the symphysis and the basal plane of the body of the jaw 

 measures 85°. The anterior alveolar border and the basal border 

 of the jaw are on a vertical line, in front of which protrudes the 

 slight eminence of the chin. The chin angle is the same as in the 

 La Ferrassie mandible, but is moderately to markedly smaller than 

 in other early jaws. 



There is a slight submental arching of the cupid's-bow form ; such 

 arching, though generally more pronounced, is characteristic, it has 

 been seen, of the Neanderthal mandibles. The border, anteriorly, is 

 less flat than in most of the Neanderthalers. The dentition is com- 

 plete and all the teeth, though much worn (especially anteriorly), 

 are preserved. The dental arch is broad anteriorly and parabolic. 



The teeth are megadont, sound. The left M3 still shows five 

 tubercles. Correct measurements of the molars are impossible due to 

 the wear ; approximations show the third molar to have been at least 

 as large as the second. But the crowns were not of the primitive 

 relatively narrow form, being in fact probalply somewhat broader 

 (linguo-labially) than long. 



Messrs. Pacheco and Obermaier diagnose the jaw as that of a male 

 of some 40 years of age. They believe that the mandible belongs 

 to Neanderthal man and that, with the skull of Gibraltar, it represents 

 the oldest so far discovered human skeletal remains in Spain. 



ADDITIONAL LITERATURE 



BoNARELLi, GuiDO. La mandibula humana de Banolas. Revista de la Sociedad 

 Argentina de Ciencias Naturales, Buenos Aires, Vol. 2, pp. 399-406, 1916. 



Sergi, Sergio. La mandibola di Banolas. Estratto dalla di Antropologia, Vol. 22, 

 7 pp., Roma, 1917-1918. 



