WHOLE VOL. SKELETAL REMAINS OF EARLY MAN HRDLICKA 32I 



Suborbital (canine) fossae^ — wanting, region full, perceptibly con- 

 vex from side to side. 



Malars — relatively small, not protruding, sloping backward. 



Frontal process — broad and stout ; zygomatic process, above modern 

 medium in breadth and strength. 



Inferior margin — no masseteric protrusion. 



Nose — broad, rather long, aperture approaching simian form ; 

 spine submedium to small. 



Maxilla — high, stout, and broad. 



Upper alveolar arch — high, broad. 



Dental arches — broad in front, more or less U-shaped. 



Facial prognathism — somewhat above that in modern man. 



Alveolar prognathism — moderate. 



TEETH 



Upper incisors — shovel-shaped and with reinforcing lingual cusps. 



Canines — modern form. 



Anterior premolars — tendency to high outer cusps. 



Upper molars — beginnings of obliquity of transverse (linguo- 

 labial) axis. 



Lower molars — tendency in most cases towards more or less marked 

 diminution of M3, 



LOWER JAW 



More or less prognathism of incisors. Receding chin. Flatness of 

 front part due to lateral protrusions caused by stout roots of canines. 

 Beginnings of distinct mental eminence. 



Inferior border — tendency to cupid's-bow form, with more or less 

 marked submental (" platysmal ") spine. 



Mental foramina — often multiple, not seldom duplicate or triple, 

 situated mostly farther back (beneath Mi) than in modern skulls. 

 Body stout, seldom high. A marked hiatus Ijctwecn M3 and anterior 

 border of ramus. 



Ramus — broad, moderately high, often tendency towards simian 

 rounding of angle. 



Coronoid process — broad, mostly low, stout. 



Notch — mostly shallow. 



Condyle — short, condyle itself broad and mostly stout. 



Internal and occasionally also external strengthening crests of 

 both the coronoid process and the condyle. 



Lingually, anteriorly, more or less marked shelving ; transverse 

 epimedian torus ; tendency to simian depression below ; small genial 



