WHOLE VOL. SKELETAL REMAINS OF EARLY MAN — HRDLICKA 353 



Size. — As shown in a previous communication on this subject/ the 



module (^e"gt^ + ^^g^^t^) of the lower M i and M 2 (the M 3 being 



2 

 too irregular to measure) in present man ranges as follows: 



Whites 



Negroes .... 

 Eskimo .... 

 Melanesians 

 Indians. . . . 



Male 

 10.53 

 II 03 

 II. 13 

 II .24 

 11.28 



Female 

 10.46 

 10.69 

 10.99 



II. 15 

 10.78 



M2 



Male 

 10.32 

 10.77 



10.95 

 10.84 

 10.93 



Female 

 10.07 



10.57 

 10.63 

 10.41 

 10.30 



Compared to the above the lower molars of early man give the 

 values shown in the table on page 354. 



The teeth of early man are seen from the table to be in general 

 larger than the teeth of even the most macrodont groups of man 

 of today. If it is lx)rn in mind that two of the groups of early teeth 

 (Krapina, Pi'edmost) comprise those of both males and females, the 

 latter of which lower the averages, it may be said that with the 

 exception of very few individual specimens all the teeth of early 

 man are larger than those of any known group of man of today. 



Although there is some correlation between the size of the teeth 

 and the antiquity of the remains, this is not regular. The largest teeth 

 are those of the Mousterian youth, followed in the order named by 

 the Krapina man ; the dawn-man of Piltdown ; those of the Mauer 

 jaw; some of the Pi'edmost teeth;' those of Ehringsdorf ; those of 

 Spy No. I ; and those of H. aurlgnaccnsis (Berlin) ; while the smallest 

 are those of Spy No. 2 and some of the Pfedmost molars. The largest 

 individual teeth found were the left Mi of Krapina jaws C (13.1 x 

 12. 1 mm.) and D (13.0 x 12.0) ; the right M2 of the jaw of Mauer 

 (12.8 X 12.0) ; and tiie right M3 of Le Moustier (13.0 x 12.0) ; as 

 well as a loose Krapina tooth (13.0 x 12.0). Notwithstanding these 

 irregularities in individuals and forms of early man the indications 

 given by the above facts are that they are all derived from decidedly 

 macrodont predecessors ; that man's precursors were in all probability 

 also highly macrodont ; and that a gradual reduction in tooth size has 

 taken place during man's progress, becoming now most marked in the 

 more civilized parts of the white race. 



' Amer. Journ. Phys. Anthrop., Vol. 6, No. 4, PP- 4^3-438, 1923. 

 - Middle to upper Aurignacian. 



