132 TABLE 76. — Mechanical Properties of Hardwoods Grown in U. S. (Metric Units) 



Common and botanical 



name. 



I Alder, red 



(Alnus orcgona) 

 Ash, black 



(Fraxinus nigra) 

 Ash, white (forest grown). 



(Fraxinus americana) 

 Ash, white (second growth) 



(Fraxinus americana) 

 Aspen 



(Populus Iremuloides) 

 Basswood 



(Tilia americana) 

 Beech 



(Fagus atropunicea) 

 Birch, paper 



(Betula papyri/era) 

 Birch, yellow 



(Betula lulea) 

 Butternut 



(Juglans cinerea) 

 Cherry, black 



(Primus serotina) 

 Chestnut 



(Caslanea dentata) 

 Cottonwood 



(Populus deltoides) 

 Cucumber tree 



(Magnolia acuminata) 

 Dogwood (flowering) 



(Cornus florida) 

 Elm, cork 



(Ulmus racemosa) 

 Elm, white 



(Ulmus americana) 

 Gum, blue 



(Eucalyptus globulus) 

 Gum, cotton 



(Nyssa aqualica) 

 Gum, red 



(Liquidambar slyracijlua) 

 Hickory pecan 



(Hicoria pecan) 

 Hickory, shagbark 



(Hicoria ovata) 

 Holly, American 



(Ilex opaca) 

 Laurel, mountain 



(Kalmia latijolia) 

 Locust, black 



(Robinia pseudacacia) 

 Locust, honey 



(Gleditsia triacanthos) 

 Magnolia (evergreen) 



(Magnolia foetida) 

 Maple, silver 



(Acer saccliarinum) 

 Maple, sugar 



(Acer saccharum) 

 Oak, canyon live 



(Quercus chrysolcpsis) 

 Oak, red 



(Quercus rubra) 

 Oak, white 



(Quercus alba) 

 Persimmon 



(Diospyros virginiana) 



Poplar, yellow 



(Liriodendron tulipifera) 

 Sycamore 



(Platanus occidentalis) 

 Walnut, black 



(Juglans nigra) 

 Willow, black 



(Salix nigra) 



Specific 

 gravity, 

 oven-diy, 

 based on 



vol. 

 when 



green. 



o.37 

 0.46 

 0.52 

 0.58 

 0.36 

 0.33 

 °-54 

 0.47 

 0-54 

 0.36 

 0.47 

 0.40 

 0-37 

 0.44 

 o. 64 

 0.58 

 0.44 

 0.62 

 0.46 

 0.44 

 0.60 

 0.64 

 0.50 

 0.62 

 o.65 

 o.6o 

 0.46 

 0.44 

 0.56 

 o. 70 

 0.56 

 0.60 

 0.64 

 o.37 

 0.46 

 °-5i 

 o.34 



vol. 

 oven- 

 dry. 



0.43 

 o.53 

 0.60 

 0.71 

 0.42 

 0.40 

 0.66 

 0.60 

 0.66 

 0.40 

 o-53 

 0.46 

 o.43 

 0.52 

 0.80 

 0.66 

 o-54 

 0.80 

 0.52 

 °-S3 

 o. 69 



0.61 



0.74 

 0.71 

 0.67 

 o-S3 

 0.51 

 0.O6 

 0.S4 

 0.65 

 0.71 

 0.78 

 0.42 

 o.54 

 0.56 

 0.41 



Static bending. 



2.65 



1 . 85 

 3-43 

 4-30 

 2.05 

 1 .90 

 3- IS 

 2.05 

 3.25 

 2.05 

 2-95 



2. 20 

 2.03 

 2.95 

 3 -40 

 325 

 2-55 

 5-35 

 2.95 

 2.60 

 3.63 

 4-15 

 2.40 

 4.10 

 6. 20 

 3-95 

 2-55 

 2.20 

 3-SO 

 4-45 

 2.60 

 3.30 

 3-95 

 2.25 

 2.30 

 3.80 



1-25 



a 



2 M 



3 . 



« a 

 2 



4-55 

 4. 20 

 6.40 

 7.60 

 3-75 

 3 -5o 

 5-8o 

 4. 10 

 6.05 

 3-3o 

 5.65 

 3-93 

 3-75 

 5-2o 

 6.20 

 6.70 

 4-85 

 7.85 

 5.15 

 4. So 

 6.90 

 7-75 

 4-55 

 5-9° 

 9.70 

 7. 20 

 4.80 

 4.10 

 6.40 

 7-45 

 5-4° 

 5. 85 

 7-05 

 3-95 

 4.60 

 6.70 

 2.75 



■s S 



3.* 



1,' 



8 



830 



720 

 95° 



1150 

 590 

 725 

 875 

 710 



1080 

 6S0 

 920 

 655 

 710 



1 100 

 830 

 840 

 725 



1430 

 740 

 810 

 960 



1105 

 630 

 650 



1300 

 910 

 780 

 660 



1040 

 945 

 910 

 S80 

 965 

 850 

 745 



1000 

 395 



Impact bend 

 ing. 



5- 60 

 5-io 

 8.25 

 9.70 

 4-85 

 4-35 

 730 

 5.5o 

 8.25 

 5-15 

 7.20 

 5-55 

 5-°5 

 6-55 

 5.00 

 7-75 

 5-70 



10.00 

 6.30 

 7-05 

 8.65 



10. 10 

 6.25 

 7. 20 



12.90 

 8.30 

 6.20 

 4.80 

 8.50 

 7.90 

 7-3o 

 7-55 

 8.50 

 5-65 

 6.20 

 S.40 

 3- 60 



10 



0.56 

 0.81 

 0.91 

 1. 19 

 0.71 

 o.43 

 1 .02 

 1. 14 

 1.02 

 0.61 

 0.84 

 0.61 

 o.53 

 0.76 

 1.47 

 1.27 

 0.86 

 1.02 

 0.76 

 0.84 

 1-35 

 1.83 

 1.30 

 0.81 

 1. 12 

 1. 20 

 1-37 

 0.74 

 0.91 

 1. 20 

 1.04 

 1.07 

 1.04 

 o.43 

 0.84 

 0.94 

 0.91 



Compression. 



kg/ mm 2 



11 



12 



115 

 2.30 

 2. 70 

 1. 10 

 1. 20 

 1.80 

 1. 20 

 1.90 

 1 .40 

 2. 10 

 1-45 

 1-25 

 1-95 



2.00 

 1.60 



3-40 

 1-95 

 1.70 

 2.15 

 2.40 

 1.40 



4.40 

 2-35 

 1-55 

 1-35 

 2.20 

 2.85 

 1.65 

 2.10 

 2. 15 

 1.40 

 1.70 

 2-55 

 0.70 



2. 10 

 1.60 



2. 70 

 2.90 



1. SO 



1-55 

 2.30 

 i-55 

 2.40 

 1.70 

 2.50 

 1-75 

 1.60 



2. 20 

 2-55 

 2.70 

 2.00 

 3-7o 

 2.40 

 1-95 

 2.80 

 3.20 

 1.85 

 3.00 

 4.80 

 3.10 



1. go 

 i-75 

 2.80 

 3.30 

 2.25 



2. so 

 2.9S 

 1.80 

 2.00 

 3-05 

 1.05 



13 



Shear 



o. 22 



0.31 

 o.57 

 0.56 

 0.14 

 O-iS 

 o.43 



O. 21 

 0.32 



o. 19 



0-3I 

 O.27 

 O.I7 

 O.29 



°-73 

 o-53 

 0.2S 

 0.72 

 0.42 

 0.32 

 o.63 

 o. 70 

 o.43 

 0.78 

 1. 01 

 1. 00 

 0.40 

 0.32 

 o-53 

 1.04 

 0.51 

 °-59 

 0.7S 

 o. 22 

 0.32 

 0.42 

 0.15 



O to 



«-5 



Ph3 



14 



o-54 

 0.61 

 0.89 

 1 13 

 0.44 

 0.43 

 0.85 

 0.56 

 0.78 

 OS3 

 0.S0 

 0.56 

 0.48 

 0.70 

 1.07 

 0.89 

 0.65 

 1.09 

 0.84 

 o.75 

 1.04 

 o.93 

 0.80 

 1.1S 

 1.24 

 1. 17 

 o.73 

 0.74 

 o 97 

 1. 20 

 o.79 

 0.88 

 1.03 

 0.56 

 0.71 

 0.86 

 0.44 



Note. — Results of tests on sixty-eight species; test specimens, small clear pieces, 50.8 by 50.8 mm in section, 762 mi 

 for bending; others, shorter. Data taken from Bulletin 556, Forest Service, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, containing data on ij 

 tests. Seepages 133 and 13s for explanation of columns. 

 Smithsonian Tables. 



