134 TABLE 78.— Mechanical Properties of Hardwoods Grown in U. S. (English Units) 



Common and botanical 

 name. 



Alder, red 



(Alnus oregona) 



Ash, black 



(Fraxinus nigra) 

 Ash, white (forest grown) 



(Fraxinus americana) 



Ash, white (2d growth). , 



(Fraxinus americana) 



Aspen 



(Populus tremuloides) 



Basswood 



(Tilia americana) 



Beech 



(Fagus atropunicea) 



Birch, paper 



(Betula papyri/era) 



Birch, yellow 



(Betula lutea) 



Butternut 



(Juglans cinerea) 



Cherry, black 



(Prunus serotina) 



Chestnut 



(Castanea dentata) 



Cottonwood 



(Populus deltoides) 



Cucumber tree 



(Magnolia acuminata) 

 Dogwood (flowering) . . . 

 (Cornus fiorida) 



Elm, cork 



(Uhnus racemosa) 



Elm, white 



(Ulmus americana) 



Gum, blue 



(Eucalyptus globulus) 



Gum, cotton 



(Nyssa aquatica) 



Gum, red 



(Liquidambar styraciflua) 



Hickory, pecan 



(Hicoria pecan) 



Hickory, shagbark 



(Hicoria ovala) 



Holly, American 



(Ilex opaca) 



Laurel, mountain 



(Kalmia latifolia) 



Locust, black 



(Robinia pseudacacia) 



Locust, honey 



(Gledilsia triacanthos) 

 Magnolia (evergreen) . . . 

 (Magnolia foetida) 



Maple, silver 



(Acer saccharinum) 



Maple, sugar 



(Acer saccharum) 



Oak, canyon live 



(Quercus chrysolepsis) 



Oak, red 



(Quercus rubra) 



Oak, white 



(Quercus alba) 



Persimmon 



{Diospyros virginiana) 



PopUr, yellow 



(Liriodendr on tulipifera) 



Sycamore 



(Platanus occidentalis) 



Walnut, black 



(Juglans nigra) 



Locality 

 where grown. 



Wash. 



Mich, and 



Wis. 

 Ark. and W. 



Va. 



N. Y. 



Wis. 



Wis. and Pa. 



Ind. and Pa. 



Wis. and Pa. 



Wis. 



Tenn. and 



Wis. 

 Pa. 



Md. and Tenn 



Mo. 



Tenn. 



Tenn. 



Wis. 



Wis. and Pa. 



Cal. 

 La. 



Mo. 



Mo. 



O., Miss., Pa 

 and W. Va 

 Tenn. 



Tenn. 



Tenn. 



Mo. and Ind. 



La. 



Wis. 



Ind., Pa. and 



Wis. 

 Cal. 



Ark., La., Ind 

 and Tenn 



Ark., La. and 

 Ind. 



Mo. 



Tenn. 



Ind. and Tenn. 



Ky. 



c J 

 2 a 



98 

 83 



43 



40 



107 



103 



62 



72 



68 



104 



55 



122 



in 



80 



62 



5° 



88 



79 



97 



81 



63 



60 



82 



62 



40 



63 



117 



66 



60 



62 



Weight. 



Green. 



Air- 

 dry. 



lb/ft 3 



Static bending. 



6 



3800 

 2600 

 4900 

 6100 

 2900 

 2700 

 4500 

 2900 

 4600 

 2900 

 4200 

 3100 

 2900 

 4200 

 4800 

 4600 

 3600 

 7600 

 4200 

 3700 

 5200 

 5900 

 3400 

 5800 

 83oo 

 5600 

 3600 

 3100 

 5000 

 6300 

 3700 

 4700 

 5600 

 3200 

 33oo 

 5400 



•S:9 



S? 



6S0O 

 6000 

 9IOO 



I080O 

 5300 

 5000 

 8200 

 5800 

 8600 

 5400 

 8000 

 5600 

 5300 

 7400 

 8800 

 9500 

 69OO 



1 1 200 

 7300 

 6800 



9800 



1 1 000 



6500 



8400 



13800 



10200 



6S00 



5800 



9100 



10600 



7700 



8300 



1 0000 



5600 



6500 



9500 





>> 



8 



1170 

 1020 

 1350 

 1640 



840 

 1030 

 1240 

 1010 

 1540 



97o 

 1310 



930 



IOIO 



1560 

 1 180 

 1 190 

 1030 

 2010 

 1050 

 1150 

 1370 

 1570 



900 

 920 



1850 



1290 



IIIO 



940 



1480 



1340 



1290 

 1250 

 1370 



I2IO 

 I060 

 I42O 



Impact 

 bending. 



Parallel 

 to grain. 



8000 



7200 



1 1 700 



13800 



6900 



6200 



10400 



7800 



1 1 700 



7300 



10200 



7900 



7200 



9300 



7100 



1 1000 



8100 



14200 



9000 



1 0000 



12300 



14400 



8900 



10200 



18300 



1 1 800 



8800 



6800 



12100 



1 1 200 



10400 



10700 



12100 



8000 



8800 



1 1 900 



Compression. 



P- 

 limit. 



lb/in* 



11 



2650 

 1620 

 3230 

 3820 

 1620 

 1710 

 2550 

 1650 

 2760 

 i960 

 2940 

 2040 

 1770 

 2760 



2870 

 2290 

 4870 

 2760 

 2360 

 3040 

 343o 

 1970 



6280 

 3320 

 2200 

 1950 

 312c 

 4050 

 2330 

 2990 

 3030 

 2000 

 2390 

 3600 



■a "is 



v H> 



13 



310 



430 



800 



790 



200 



210 



610 



300 



45o 



270 



440 



3S0 



240 



410 



1030 



75o 



390 



1020 



59o 



460 



960 



1000 



610 



mo 



1430 



1420 



57° 



460 



7So 



1480 



730 



830 



IIIO 



310 



450 

 600 



Shear. 



Ten- 

 sion. 



Note. — Results of tests on sixty-eight species; test specimens, small clear pieces, 2 by 2 inches in section, 30 inches long tor 

 bending; others, shorter. Tested in a green condition. Data taken from Bulletin 556, Forest Service, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 

 containing data on 130,000 tests. See pages 133 and 135 for explanation of columns. 



Smithsonian Tables. 



