156 



Table 1 08 

 COMPRESSIBILITY OF SOLIDS 



If V is the volume of the material under a pressure P megabaryes and V is the volume at 

 atmospheric pressure, then the compressibility /3 = — (i/V ) (dV/dP). Its unit is cm 2 / 

 megadynes (reciprocal megabaryes). io 6 //3 is the bulk modulus in absolute units (dynes/ 

 cm 2 ). The following values of /3, arranged in order of increasing compressibility, are for 

 P = o and room temperature, i megabarye = io 6 dynes/cm 2 = 1.020 kg/cm 2 = 0.987 

 atmosphere. 



Substance 



Tungsten 



Boron 



Silicon 



Platinum 



Nickel 



Molybdenum . . . 



Tantalum 



Palladium 



Cobalt 



Nichrome 



Iron 



Gold 



Pyrite 



Copper 



Manganese 



Brass 



Chromium 



Silver 



Mg. silicate, crys 



Mg. silicate 



Aluminum 



Calcite 



Germanium 



Zinc 



Tin 



Gallium 



Cadmium 



Compres- 

 sion per 

 unit vol. 

 per mega- 

 barye 

 X io fi 



0.27 



0.3 



0.32 



0.38 



0.43 



0.46 



0.53 



0.54 



0.55 



0.56 



0.60 



0.60 



0.7 



0.7S 



0.84 



0.89 



0.9 



0.99 



1.03 



1. 21 



1.33 



1.39 



1.40 



1-74 



1.89 



2.09 



2.17 



Plate glass 



Lead 



Thallium 



Antimony 



Quartz 



Magnesium 



Bismuth 



Graphite 



Silica glass 



Cerium 



Sodium chloride. . . 



Arsenic 



Calcium 



Potassium chloride 



Strontium 



Lithium 



Phosphorus (red) . . 



Selenium 



Ice 



Sulphur 



Iodine 



Sodium 



Hard rubber 



Phosphorus (white) 



Potassium 



Rubidium 



Caesium 



Compres- 

 sion per 

 unit vol. 

 per mega- 

 barye 

 X 106 



2.23 



2.27 



2.3 



2.4 



2.7 



2.9 



30 



30 



3.1 



3-6 



4.12 



4-5 



5-7 



7-4 



8.4 



9.0 



9-2 



12.0 



12.0 



12.9 



130 



15.6 



19.4 



20.5 



31-7 



40.0 



61.0 



Bulk 



modulus, 



dynes/cm 2 



X IO 12 



0.45 



o.44 



0.43 



0.42 



0.37 



0.34 



0.33 



0.33 



0.32 



0.37 



0.24 



0.22 



0.175 



0.135 



0.120 



o.ni 



0.109 



0.083 



0.083 



0.078 



0.077 



0.064 



0.049 

 0.032 

 0.025 

 0.016 



Refer- 

 ence 



4 

 1, 2 



Winklemann, Schott, and Straulel (Wied Ann., 1897, 1899) give the following (among others) for 

 Jena glasses in terms of the volume decrease divided by the increase of pressure expressed in kg/mm 2 . 



No. 



665 



1299 



16 



Glass 



Barytborosilicat 



Natronkalkzinksilicat 



Bulk 

 moduli 



7520 

 5800 

 4530 



No. 



2154 

 S208 

 Si 96 



Glass 



Kalibleisilicat 



Heaviest Bleisilicat 



Tonerdborat with sodium, baryte. 



Bulk 

 moduli 



3660 

 3550 

 3470 



These values are in cm 2 /kg x io 6 x Compressibility, Griineisen, Ann. der Phys. 33, p. 65, 1910. 



Al — 191°, 1.32; 17 , 1.46; 125 , 1.70 

 Cu — 191 °, 0.72; 17 , 0.77; 165°, 0.83 

 Pt — 189°, 0.37; 17°, 0.39; 164 , 0.40 



Fe — 190°, 0.61; 18 , 0.63; 165°, 0.67 

 Ag — 191°, 0.71; 16 , 0.76; 166 , 0.86 

 Pb— 191 , (2.5); 14 , (3.2) 



References to Table 106, p. 154: 



(1) Bridgman, Pr. Am. Acad. 49, I, 1913; 



(2) Roentgen. Ann. Phys. 44, 1, 1891; 



(3) Pagliani-Palazzo, Mem. Acad. Lin. 3, 18, 1883; 



(4) Bridgman, Pr. Am. Acad. 48, 341, 1912; 



(5) Adams, Williamson, J. Wash. Acad. Sc. 9, Jan. 19, 



1919; 



(6) Richards, Boyer, Pr. Nat. Acad. Sc. 4, 389, 1918; 



(7) Richards, J. Am. Ch. Soc. 37, 1646, 1915; 



(8) Bridgman, Pr. Am. Acad. 47, 381, 191 1; 



References to Table 108, p. 156: 



(1) Adams, Williamson, Johnston, J Am. Ch. Soc. 



41. 39. 1919; 



(2) Richards, ibid. 37, 1646, 1915; 



(3) Bridgman, Pr. Am. Acad. 44, 279, 1909; 47, 366, 



1911; 



(4) Adams, Williamson, unpublished; 



Smithsonian Tables 



(9) Amagat, C. R. 73, 143, 1872; 



(10) Amagat, C. R. 68, 1170, 1869; 



(11) Amagat, Ann. chim. phys. 29, 68, 505, 1893; 



(12) de Metz, Ann. Phys. 41, 663, 1890; 



(13) Adams, Williamson, Johnston, J. Am. Chem. 



Soc. 41, 27, 1919; 



(14) Colladon, Sturm, Ann. Phys. 12, 39, 1828; 



(15) Quincke, Ann. Phys. 19, 401, 1883; 



(16) Richards et al. J. Am. Ch. Soc. 34, 988, 1912. 



(5) Richards, Boyer, Pr. Nat. Acad. Sc. 4. 388, 1918; 



(6) Voigt, Ann. Phys. 31, 1887; 36, 1888; 



(7) R. E. Gibson, L. H. Adams, unpublished; 



(8) Bridgman, Pr. Am. Acad., 48, 310, 191 2; 



(9) Bridgman, Pr. Am. Acad., 58, 166, 1923. 



