190 



Tables 141 and 142 

 VELOCITY OF SOUND 



TABLE 141.— Velocity of Sound in Solids 



The velocity of sounds in solids varies as V E/p, where E is Young's modulus of elasticity 

 and p the density. These constants for most materials vary through a somewhat wide range. 

 The numbers can be taken only as rough approximations to the velocity in any particular 

 case. When temperatures are not marked, between 10° and 20 is to be understood. 



Substance 



Substance 



»°C 



m/sec. 



Ref. 



Ag hard 



Al '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 



Au hard 



Cd '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 



Co 



Cu 



Fe .7.7 .7.7.7 .7777 



Ash, along the fiber. . . 



" across the rings. . 



" along the rings. . . 



Beech, along the fiber . 



" across the rings 



" along the rings. 

 Elm, along the fiber. . . 



" across the rings. . 



" along the rings.. . 

 Fir, along the fiber. . . . 

 Mahogany, along the 



fiber 



Maple, along the fiber. 

 Oak, along the fiber. . . 

 Pine, along the fiber. . . 

 Poplar, along the fiber. 

 Sycamore, along the 



fiber 



Fe 



M g .7.7 77. 7 7. 7 7. 7 



Ni 



Pb 



Pd 



Pt 



Sn '.'. 7 '.'. '. '.'. '.'. '.'. '.'. '.'. '. 

 Zn 



Brick 



Clay rock 



Cork 



Granite 



Marble 



Paraffin 



Slate . . . ' 



Tallow 



Tuff 



a- jsr 



Ivory 



Vul. rubber (black) 



;; ;; (red) 



Wax '.'.'.'.'. 



200 



20 



100 



200 



20 



IOO 



200 



4720 

 4990 

 4920 

 4790 



4602 



4973 

 1322 

 3150 

 2690 

 2570 

 2460 

 2500 

 3700 



(1) Masson. (2) Wertheim. (3) Cast steel, Wertheim. (4) Melde. (5) Chladni. (6) Gray & Milne. (7) Stefan. 

 8) Warburg. (9) Ciccone & Campanile. (10) Exner. 



TABLE 142.— Velocity of Sound in Water 



Substance 



Substance 



/°C 



m/sec. 



Ref. 



Water, air-free . . 

 dust-free . 



distilled 



10% Na CI sol. 



15% Na CI sol. 



20% Na CI sol. 

 Water, sea: 



35.1% salt 



35-2% " 



35% „ " 



Lake Geneva 



Seine River 



Water, sea: (continued) 



Seine River 



N. Atlantic, 



1228m deep 



Carib. Sea, 



338m deep 



Carib. Sea, 



1771m deep 



Pacific, 2962m deep. 



Explosive Waves: 



Gun Cotton, 9 oz.. . 



" " 10 " .. 



18 " .. 



" 64 ".. 



60 



1724 

 1520 



1478 



i486 

 1493 



1732 

 1775 

 1942 

 2013 



(1) Dorsing, 1908. (2) Ionescu, 1924. (3) Wood, Browne, Cochran, 1923- (4) Colladon-Sturm. (5) Wertheim. 

 (6) Heck & Service, 1924. (7) Threlfall, Adair, 1889, see Barstow's Sound, p. 518. 



Smithsonian Tables 



