NO. I HONDURAS STRONG, KIDDER, AND PAUL I'J 



won battles, thus extending her realm. Some said that she had three 

 supernaturally conceived sons, others said they were her brothers. 

 When she grew old, she distributed her territories among them with 

 advice concerning the good treatment of her subjects. She then com- 

 manded that her bed be taken out of the house. Lightning flashed 

 and thunder roared. The people saw a beautiful bird flying across 

 the sky and, as they never saw the lady again, they believed she was 

 the bird and thus went to the sky. The sons (or brothers) divided 

 the realm and governed it well. The people were courageous and 

 warlike. They had been taught religion and enchantments by the 

 Lady Comicahual. Among the many idols which they adored, there 

 was one called the Great Father and another called the Great Mother. 

 To these idols they prayed for their well being. Other gods were 

 introduced, to whom they prayed for food, property, riches, and 

 that their lands might prosper, and produce abundantly. And, " for 

 many years these superstitions and deceits of Satan lasted among the 

 old people." Lehmann (1920, vol. 2, p. 637) is inclined to identify 

 the Calcoquin of Torquemada with the Icelaca of Palacio. He goes 

 on to show that similar rites, presumably originating with the Pipil as 

 indicated by Palacio, extended as far north as the Bay Islands in the 

 Caribbean. This evidence, derived from Salcedo, has already been 

 cited elsewhere (Strong, 1935, pp. 14, 15) and need not be repeated 

 here. Sufficient for our present purposes is the fact that elaborate 

 but basically similar cult observations extended from Salvador north 

 beyond the mouth of the Ulua River and that many of these at the 

 time of the Conquest seem to have originated in Pipil territories. 

 Only the results of scientific archeology can show whether this his- 

 toric Salvadorean center was actually primary or was derived from 

 still earlier sources of cultural development. This will be discussed 

 in relation to the results of our own archeological excavations. 



Linguistically, the Lenca and the Jicaque have since been studied 

 by various travelers. This material has been summed up and amplified 

 by Lehmann (1920, vol. 2, pp. 649-722). From the ethnographic 

 standpoint, recent work on the Lenca and Jicaque has been pitifully 

 inadequate. Habel (1880) describes various Jicaque he met in the 

 Department of Yoro as follows: 



The Xicaques differ in the form of their bodies from all the other tribes of 

 Central America. Their stature, on the average, being equal to that of Europeans, 

 is greater than that of the other tribes. Their skin is of a lighter color, and 

 their features resemble more closely those of the Caucasians, having a more 

 pleasant and intelligent expression than any other tribe of this region known to 

 me. Both sexes wear a kind of apron made of the inner bark of the Caoutchouc 

 tree. That of the women reaches around the waist and the ends hang down 



