NO. 8 L)UA^Y1NGS 1!Y (IKORGE GIBBS BUSHNELL II 



Portrait sketches of two chiefs are given in ])latc 7, one heing 

 that of a chief of the Santiani l)an(l of the Callapooyas, Init not one 

 who had contrihuted to the vocahulary. This is well drawn, and the 

 sloping forehead reveals the effect of artificial flattening. It was 

 probably a good likeness. 



The second portrait is that of "Slacum, Chief of tribe at Falls of 

 Willamette (Upper Chinooks)," and was drawn a few days after 

 the treaty was made with the Callapooya. Slacum may have been a 

 chief of the Clowwewalla, belonging to the Chinookan family, a 

 tribe that occupied the region bordering the falls of the Willamette 

 River, the site of Oregon City. The name Slacum was probaljly 

 derived from that of an x\merican naval officer who visited the 

 region in 1836 "to obtain information in relation to the settlements 

 on the Oregon river." '^ He prepared an interesting, although Ijrief, 

 account of the native tribes then living on the Willamette, part of 

 which follows. When ascending the river : 



The first tribe of Indians are the Kallamooks, on the left bank, on a small 

 stream of the same name, 30 miles from its mouth : 2d are Keowewallahs, alias 

 Tummezvatas or Willhanietts. This tribe, now nearly extinct, was formerly 

 very numerous, and live at the falls of the river, 22 miles from its mouth, on 

 the right bank. They claim the right of fishing at the falls, and exact a 

 tribute from other tribes who come hither in the salmon season (from May 

 till October). Principal chiefs deceased. This river at the present day takes 

 its name from this tribe. 3d. "Kallapooyahs" occupy lodges on both sides of 

 the river. 4th. "Fallatrahs" on a small stream of same name, right or west bank. 

 5th. Champoicho — west bank. 6th. Yamstills — west bank. 7th. Leelahs — both sides. 

 8th. Hanchoicks. All these 5 tribes speak Kallapooyah dialects, and are doubt- 

 less of that tribe, but at present are divided as designated, and governed by 

 chiefs as named. All these tribes do not exceed 1,200. 



The Willamette was a beautiful stream, as Slacum wrote, "even 

 in midwinter, you find both sides clothed in evergreen, presenting 

 a more beautiful prospect than the Ohio in June . . . On the right 

 the land rises gradually from the water's edge, covered with firs, 

 cedar, laurel, and pine. The oak and ash is at this season covered 

 with long moss, of a i)ale sage green, contrasting finely with the 

 deeper tints of the evergreens." 



Gibbs appreciated the beauty of the region and revealed it in two 

 sketches reproduced in plate 8. 



The first is a view of "Champoeg and the prairies beyond," 

 looking over the Willamette ; the second shows the banks of the 

 stream with the variety of trees and shrubs, with spring foliage. 



" Slacum, William A., Memorial of . . . praying compensation for his ser- 

 vices . . . 25th Congress, 2d Session, Senate Doc. 24. Washington, 1838. 



