20 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 97 



P. ijo. — Salmon river, or as it is called by the Indians, the "Quoratem," is 

 the largest of the affluents of the Klamath, with the exception of the Trinity . . . 

 Upon the Klamath, both above and below the junction, are Indian villages of 

 some size, prettily situated on high platforms of rock projecting over the 

 water, and shaded by groves of oaks and bay trees ; while below, the river, 

 compressed in its channel, rushes boiling over rapids. The accompanying 

 sketches were taken, one from near our camp, representing the Tish-rawa 

 village, and the Klamath, below the entrance of the Salmon [pi. i| ; the other 

 from a mile higher up, showing the course of the Klamath through the 

 mountains above the forks [pi. 16, fig. 2]. The tree on the right hand of the 

 latter represents one of the signal or "telegraph" trees of the Klamath Indians. 

 These, which are among the most conspicuous features of the scenery upon 

 the river, occur near every village. They are always selected upon the edge 

 of some hill, visible to a considerable distance in either direction. Two trees, 

 one trimmed in the form of a cross, the other with merely a tuft on the top, 

 represent each lodge ; and in time of danger or of death, a fire kindled beneath 

 them, informs the neighboring tribes of the necessity or misfortune of its 

 occupants. 



Scott's Valley, with "the snowy peak of Shaste lying to the south- 

 east, towering above all," was reached on the afternoon of Octnljer 21. 

 Dtiring the following days Gibbs, with other members of the party, 

 made trips to the stn"rounding cotmtry to examine the valley and to 

 contact the native tribes. On Stmday, October 26, he rode to Shaste 

 Butte City, some 25 miles from the camp, and the next morning 

 (p. 165) : 



rode to the top of a range of hills about four miles distant, for the purpose 

 of obtaining a view of the country. The prospect here was very extensive, 

 commanding the northern and eastern portions of the plain, and extending 

 south-easterly, to Mount Shaste, which was distant about thirty miles . . . 

 From the same point of view we could see Mount Pitt, or more properly Pi it 

 mountain, so called from the traps formerly dug near it, by the Indians : and 

 the noted land-marks of the Oregon trail, the "Pilot Knob," on the Siskire 

 range to tlie north, and the "Black or Little Butte," to the south. [PI. 17.] 



Members of the party, including Gibbs, started from Scott's 

 valley camp about noon on November 6 to return to San Francisco. 

 They passed over the same trail to their old camp on the Klamath, 

 near the mouth of the Salmon, where they arrived on the 12th. 

 There (p. 174) : 



several of our old acquaintances among the Indians visited us ; and I succeeded 

 in persuading a pretty girl, the chief's daughter, to sit for her portrait. The 

 likeness was sufficiently good to be recognised, though it certainly did not 

 flatter the very gentle and pleasing expression of her face . . . [pi. 15, fig. 3]. 

 We found the Indians of the village which had been burnt down, rebuilding 

 their houses for the winter. The style was very substantial, the huge poles 

 requiring five or six men to lift. These lodges, it may be mentioned, are 

 usuallv dismantled in summer, wiien the inhabitants live in temporary bush huts. 



