6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 98 



than the Southern Paiute lodges, having longer, cleaner poles. It is, 

 ii fact, more a tipi covered with boughs and some canvas in place 

 of skin. 



CAMP ACCESSORIES 



If these photographs truly represent aboriginal practise, the use 

 of the tripod extended far south in the Intermontane area. The 

 Kaibab used it to suspend the cooking pot (pi. 13, b), though the 

 pot in question is evidently of iron, and the Uintah used it not only 

 for cooking (pi. 25) but as a support on which goods were hung 

 (pi. 24, a,b). 



The backrest, consisting of a tripod supporting horizontal slats, 

 is shown in a Uintah Ute lodge (pi. 26, b) . These Ute also used 

 horizontal bars for supporting dried maize (pi. 26, b). 



Of special interest is the tree platform (pi. 23, b) and the two- 

 story construction (pi. 25). It is not -clear whether the title of the 

 first, "tree lookout" or "the watch tower," designates the pose of 

 the boy on the platform or the purpose of the platform. The second 

 structure, called "shelter," seems actually to have served as a shelter 

 and storage place. Note the notched log which serves as a ladder. 



BASKETRY 



The basketry of the groups represented here has an interesting 

 place in western American basketry. It is generally believed that both 

 the coiled and twined basket weaves originated at some place on the 

 Pacific coast and spread inland, the former being invented first and 

 attaining a wider distribution than the latter. Thus, only coiling was 

 known to the Basket Makers, the oldest known weavers in the South- 

 west, and to the Ute, who are on the eastern fringe of the basket 

 area. West of the Ute, however, tribes used both coiling and twining. 

 The latter, being more easily made, was used by Shoshoni and 

 Northern Paiute for such utility baskets as conical seed baskets, 

 winnowing trays, seed beaters, hats, and water jugs, whereas coil 

 was employed only for the somewhat more ornamental trays and 

 buwls. A few Shoshoni of central Nevada appear even to have 

 abandoned coiling entirely in favor of twining. 



The photographs suggest that among Southern Paiute, both types 

 of weave were used for all kinds of baskets except possibly hats. 

 Thus it would appear that strict cultural tradition did not entirely 

 determine the weave used, but that the choice in each case depended 

 somewhat upon individual or perhaps family taste. The Kaibab 

 group shown in plafe 11, for example, coiled all their baskets — conical 



