113- Journal of Applied Microscopy 



The linin increases in quantity, the nuclear wall breaks down, and the fibers out- 

 side begin to grow into the nuclear cavity. The cytoplasmic and linin fibers 

 form a mass in which the chromosomes lie. The mass of fibers projects out at 

 a number of points, forming the multipolar spindle. Two of the cones become 

 more prominent than the others, which they finally absorb, thereby forming the 

 bipolar spindle. Just how this absorption of the cones is brought about is not 

 made clear either in the description or in the figures. Flemming's strong solu- 

 tion of chrom-osmo-acetic acid was used almost exclusively as a fixing agent, but 

 fair results were also obtained with palladium chloride and iridium chloride to 

 which a small amount of glacial acetic acid had been added. Of the stains used 

 the safranin-gentian-violet-orange G. combination gave the best results. The 

 paper is well illustrated by four beautiful lithographic plates. 

 Chicago. A. A. Lawson. 



Timberlake, H. Q. The Development and This work was undertaken to determine 

 Function of the Cell Plate in Hieher Plants. • i •, i r 



Bot. Gaz. 30: 73-99, 154-170, pis. 8-9, 1900. i" detail the exact sequence of events 



during the division of the cell body, and 

 to correlate, as far as possible, the facts thus brought out from the point of view 

 of the physiology of cell reproduction. The formation of new radiating fibers 

 around the daughter nuclei in the diaster stage, and the formation of a spindle 

 around a single chromosome, as described by Juel for Hetnerocallis , are taken to 

 indicate that the chromatin is the real center for the formation of kinoplasmic 

 fibers. Having formed as fibers around the nucleus as a center, the kinoplasm 

 takes part in the process of nuclear division, and later divides the cell by a part 

 of the fibers being transformed into a membrane which becomes, in splitting, the 

 plasma membranes of the daughter cells. Prior to the formation of the cell 

 plate the equatorial zone becomes filled with a substance which stains strongly 

 with the orange of the triple stain. The similarity in staining of this substance, 

 together with its presence in the region of the spindle in which the cell wall 

 appears later, is taken to signify the presence of a carbohydrate substance 

 destined for the formation of the new cell wall. The relation of the carbohydrate 

 material to the process of division would seem to show that the substance for the 

 formation of the cell wall is held in a reserve form in the protoplasm before it is 

 actually needed for the process of wall formation. If the relation of the carbo- 

 hydrate material to the spindle fibers be taken in connection with the facts shown 

 by Klebs and Townsend, that the presence of a nucleus is necessary for the forma- 

 tion of a cell wall, there would be some evidence for the hypothesis that the 

 nucleus forms the cell wall substance. 



The material used for investigation was Allium cepa, Lilium longijlonim, 

 Fritillaria imperialis, Hyacinthus orie?italis, Vicia faba, Phaseolus vulgaris, Fisuni 

 sativum, Larix Americafia, Larix Eiiropcca, Iris versicolor, z.x\di Heinerocallis fulva. 

 Several fixing fluids were employed : Flemming's chrom-osmo-acetic acid ; Her- 

 mann's platinum chlorid-chrom-acetic acid ; Vom Rath's platinum chlorid-picro- 

 osmo-acetic acid; Reiser's mercuric chlorid-acetic-acid, etc. Of these methods 

 the material fixed in Flemming's stronger solution gave the best results. The 

 triple stain, safranin-gentian-violet-orange, was used to stain the material fixed in 

 fluids containing osmic acid, while Zimmermann's fuchsin iodin green and 



