1504 Journal of Applied Microscopy 



CYTOLOGY, EMBRYOLOGY, 



AND 



MICROSCOPICAL METHODS. 



Agnes M. Claypole, Cornell University. 



Separates of papers and books on animal biology should be sent for review to 



Agnes M. Claypole, 125 N. Marengo avenue, 



Pasadena, Cal. 



CURRENT LITERATURE. 



Cade, A. Les Elements Secreteursdesglandes ^j^jg ^^^-^^^ contains a description of 

 gastriques du fond chez les mammiferes. _ ^ 



Arch. d'Anatomie Microscopique, 4 : 1-86, the histological Structure of the glands 



'9°'- of the stomach in different stages of 



their normal activity, the changes in the glands during hibernation, the effects 

 produced by pilocarpin, section of the vagus nerve, isolation of a part of the 

 stomach, and the formation of an artificial pylorus in the region of the fundus. 

 The cells of the fundus are grouped under three heads — cells of the neck of the 

 gland, the central or chief cells, and the parietal cells. The material studied 

 was obtained from the dog, cat, rat, mouse, hedge-hog, marmot, and, in a few 

 cases, from man. Methods of fixation and staining are given, and the structure 

 of the cells described in detail. The central or chief cells frequently contain 

 two or more nuclei, and divide amitotically ; careful research failed to discover a 

 single case of karyokinesis. Amitosis is apparently the chief mode of division 

 in the border cells also. The neck, or muciparous, cells exhibit transitions into 

 the central cells, and the author inclines to the view that the one type may be 

 transformed into the other, although it is admitted that this is not proven. A 

 close connection exists between the neck cells and the epithelial cells of the sur- 

 face of the mucosa, and there is a relationship between the neck cells of the 

 fundus glands and the cells of the body of the pyloric glands. (" II y a entre 

 les cellules des grandes pyloricques et les cellules principales du col une certaine 

 parenti.") There is no evidence of a transition either way between the chief 

 cells and the border cells of the fundus ; they apparently always remain 

 specifically distinct elements. Contrary to the opinion held by Oppel and others 

 that the cells of the body of the gland in the lower vertebrates represent only 

 the parietal cells of the mammals, the author holds that they correspond to 

 both parietal and chief cells of the higher forms. The theory that the parietal 

 cells are especially concerned in the production of hydrochloric acid is considered 

 devoid of adequate foundation. 



Section of the vagus nerve gives rise to marked structural changes in the 

 secreting cells. The border cells become less granular. The cytoplasm of the 

 chief cells stains less deeply, and the cells lose the differentiated region at the 

 base ; the nucleus becomes shrunken and wrinkled in outline. Isolation of a 

 part of the stomach gives rise to changes similar to those produced by section 

 of the vagus. The author concludes that the vagus plays an important role in 

 the secretion of the gastric juice. 



The experiment of forming an artificial pylorus in the fundus of the 



