and Laboratory Methods. 



1523 



Anastigmat, Ser. 11-a. Xj-l inch focus, speed f/8, when used with a 4x 5 plate. 

 Pictures of nearly one-half life size can be made with this lens without stopping, 

 in full sunlight, with an exposure of 1/25 second of the iris diaphragm shutter, 

 and at a distance of eighteen inches. 



Lenses of long focus are not available for work at very close range unless we 

 are able to allow a time exposure of 1/5 second or more, but at distances of 

 eight feet and upward a lens of 9 or 1 0-inch focus, stopped to 32, with a speed 

 of f/6, will yield satisfactory results with an exposure of 1/5(1 second. 



When a clear, perfect image 

 of the object is once obtained, 

 it is easy to make pictures of 

 one-half or even life size by 

 the well known process of en- 

 largement. 



We. thus see that in select- 

 ing a lens for photographing 

 moving objects at close range, 

 its registered speed is apt to 

 be very misleading. We 

 should know how much the 

 lens should be stopped (or how 

 much the speed must be re- 

 duced) in order to render suf- 

 ficient depth or detail. 



For animal photography 

 the most rapid plates are none 

 too fast, and any of the best 

 brands can be recommended. 

 Orthochromatic plates require 

 careful treatment, but in skilled 

 hands offer advantages which 

 should not be neglected. 

 When used out of doors in 

 full sunlight and with rapid 

 exposure, these plates do not seem to yield their best results. 



We have thus far considered the wild bird during the period of young. For 

 photographing inaccessible nests, and for approaching birds in free life when the 

 sway of parental instinct is over, one must resort to other methods. For fuller 

 details the reader is referred to the volume from which the preceding paragraphs 

 have been largely drawn. The method of the study and photography of birds 

 which is here illustrated has been used, as the case of each required, with over 

 forty nests of the common land birds of New England, and its value has been 

 fully demonstrated. 



Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. FRANCIS H. HerriCK. 



Fig. S. — Kingbirds rending a troublesome dragon-fly preparatory 

 to serving it to their young. The female, which stands at the 

 front, was brooding when the prey was brought in by the male. 



