1548 Journal of Applied Microscopy 



is positive in sense, thougli much less pronounced than the reaction of the other 

 two terrestrial species studied. 



The positive phototaxis of Talorchestia longicornis and Ordiestia agilis is 

 changed to negative if these animals are placed in water, the permanence of the 

 change apparently depending to some extent on the degree of salinity of the 

 water. In sea water the change persists until death, while in fresh water 

 Orchestias become again positive some time before they die. Experiments in 

 which one eye was blackened over with asphalt varnish, or extirpated, were 

 performed on several species of amphipods and insects. These operations 

 caused the animals to perform circus movements, which differed in direction 

 according as the specimen was positively or negatively phototactic. Positively 

 phototactic forms turn continually in this movement towards the side bearing 

 the blackened eye, while negative forms turn in the opposite direction. Hemi- 

 section of the brain caused a complete loss of the power of orientation to light 

 in all cases where the experiment was tried, although the animals are still 

 afifected by light, as is shown by their general behavior. 



The closing section of the paper is devoted to a discussion of the relations 

 of phototaxis and photopathy. The author sharply criticises the position 

 recently taken by Holt and Lee {Amer. Jour. FhysioL iv. p. 479. Review in 

 this Journal, p. 1264) that there is no proper basis for the separation of reactions 

 to intensity of light from reactions to direction of ray. Dr. Holmes maintains 

 that there are different forms of behavior towards light, which may be conven- 

 iently designated by the terms "phototaxis " and "photopathy." 



Throughout the paper there appear numerous interesting references to the 

 general habits and behavior of the organisms discussed. r. p. 



CURRENT BACTERIOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 



H. W. Conn. 



Separates of papers and books on bacteriology should be sent for review to 

 H. W. Conn, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn. 



The Reception of Prof. Koch's New Views concerning Bovine and 



Human Tuberculosis. 



The paper of Prof. Koch, delivered at the Tuberculosis Congress in London, 

 was a veritable bombshell in the camp of the bacteriologists. This paper has 

 been widely read and much discussed. The address of Prof. Koch can be 

 ioMw^m.\.\\& British Medical Journal, July 27, TOOL The reputation of Prof. 

 Koch as the discoverer of the tuberculosis bacillus lends, of course, to his con- 

 clusions a weight greater than would be given those of any other bacteriologist. 

 The general conclusions of this remarkable address are already well known. 

 They are essentially two : 1. Bovi?ic tuberculosis and human tuberculosis are 

 produced by quite different bacteria. This he concludes from the fact that the 

 inoculation of cattle with human tuberculosis does not produce the typical bovine 

 disease. '1. Human tuberculosis is to be attributed to injection Jrom other human 



