1586 Journal of Applied Microscopy 



minute) than that of any other portion of the alimentary tract. It was found 

 that only in the presence of Ca and K, as for example in Ringer's mixture, would 

 the contractions continue regular and forcible for any considerable length of 

 time. No substance was found which could be substituted for the Na in the. 

 Ringer mixture. The author inclines to the view that both Ca and K have 

 specific effects, the former acting as a stimulant and the latter having an inhibi- 

 tory action, instead of merely serving to neutralize the toxic effect of the NaCl. 

 The Cl-ion is not necessary for the rhythmic activity, as in place of sodium 

 chloride, NaBr, Nal or several other sodium compounds may be used. Special 

 attention is called to the correspondence between the oesophagus and the venous 

 end of the heart, which manifests itself in the activity and relation to solutions 

 of the two organs. R. p. 



Levin, I.. Physiological Studies on the Blood The purpose of this investigation was 

 of Animals deprived of the Adrenals. Amer. , i , • i ^i .1 ^- r 



Jour. Physiol. 5: 358-361, 1901. ^o determme whether the secretion of 



the adrenal bodies serves to neutralize 

 toxic substances formed in the body and thus prevent, under normal conditions, 

 auto-intoxication ; or, on the other hand, merely acts on the nervous system to 

 maintain the tonus of the vasomotor and respiratory centers and the general 

 muscle tonus. Both of these views as to the function of these organs have been 

 held by physiologists. It was found that when the blood from an animal (dog 

 or cat) from which the adrenals had been removed some hours previously was 

 injected into the vascular system of a normal animal an immediate and marked 

 rise in the blood pressure occurred. This result was uniformly obtained and 

 indicates that the blood of the animals without adrenals contains some active 

 substance which is under normal circumstances neutralized. The author con- 

 cludes that the death of animals deprived of the adrenals is not due merely to 

 nervous depression, but to some unfavorable change in the metabolism, or, as 

 was held by the earliest investigators of the subject, to an auto-intoxication of 

 some sort. ' r. p. 



Qodlewski, E. (jun.) O wpywie tlenu na The author finds that segmentation 

 rozwoj organismow i o wymianie gazow w • t-u u f <- i 



pierwszychstadyachrozwojuzarodkauRana ^^V OCCur m the absence Ot external 



temporaria. (Ueber die Einwirkung des oxygen supply, but that development 

 Sauerstoffs auf Entwickelung und liber den , ^, ,.,. , , 



Gaswechsel in den ersten Entvvickelungs- ""^er these conditions only proceeds 



stadien von Rana temporaria.) Bull. Internal. to a certain point. CO. , has a specific 



Acad. Sci. de Cracovie. Pp. 1-24. July, ^ . ^. , , " , t^i 



j„QQ ^ -r J J, toxic action on development. The 



amount of gaseous metabolism is shown 

 experimentally to increase as development proceeds. r. p. 



Beer, Th. Ueber primitive Sehorgane. Wie- A very complete summary and critical 

 ner klin. Wochenschr., Jahrg. iqoi. Nr. ,. . /-.it. ^ ^1 1 • 



II 12 and 1 3 ' .' o / discussion of the literature on the his- 



tology and physiology of the eyes of 

 lower invertebrates. The " objective nomenclature " advocated for physiological 

 work by Beer, Bethe and von Uexkiill is developed for the physiology of light 

 perception. r. p. 



