BRACKETT. — TEMPORAL CLAUSES IN HERODOTUS. 189 



exactly the present and the aorist tense stems are sometimes differentiated 



is seen in such examples as 2, 178 : rot ro£a oi eKTrjpivoi.eTrfdv pev Be'covrai 

 Xpdo~dAi ) ivravvovcri. irreav 8i x.prj(Tu>vTcu. (k\vov(ti, where the action of Secovrai 

 is not yet terminated at the time of the action of ivravvovai, but the ac- 

 tion of xpW * 1 '™ has ceased before that of ZkKvovo-i begins; and 1. 9: 



enedv 8e . . . CTTelxJ] en\ ti\v (vvtjv, Kara varov re aiiTr/s yivr), k.t.A., where the 



action of a-Teix?) has not ceased, but that of yevy is finished, at the time of 

 the beginning of the actiou of the main verb. 



The number of cases where a verb of extensive action is used in the 

 temporal clause when the idea of overlapping action is wholly excluded, 

 is, relative to the whole number of clauses with a verb of extensive ac- 

 tion, very small. In most of these cases a reason for the departure from 

 the normal usage can be given ; occasionally there is ground for believ- 

 ing that the current reading of the text is wrong. I will consider these 

 cases briefly under the several conjunctions, reserving the pas 

 where forms of ylvopai occur for separate treatment. In 7, 188: 6 8£ Si) 

 vavTiKos crrparoi ejrei're 6ppr)6i\s e'nXee k:u /car/o^e . . ., at pev §?; npa>Tat tQ>v 



viuiD oppeov npos yj. k.t.A., the action of eVAee had of course ceased when 

 that of oppeov began ; but note that the aspect of the action is recalled 

 from extensive to aoristic liy Kareaxe, and further that 7rXe'co has a special 

 fondness for the imperfect.* In 2, 45 : Znei Se avrov npus tb ftoopa 

 KJTapxovTo. is dXicrjv rpanopevov ndvras crcpeus Karafpovevcrai, it IS deal' that the 

 action of narapxavro cannot overlap that of <aTa(povevo-at ; it may. however, 

 partly coincide with the action of rpanopevov ; besides, Herodotus desires 

 to represent the slaying as a sudden and unpleasant interruption of the 

 proposed sacrifice, and the imperfect was therefore needed in the main 

 clause. We naturally suppose in 2, 29 : aTparev'jvTat §e, enedv acpeas 6 deos 

 ovtos K(\(vrj, k t.X., that the action of (cfAe^ was finished before that of 

 cTTpaTfvovTai began. But note here the na\ 177 dv Ke\evr] immediately fol- 

 lowing, and also the fact that Ke\evoi in Polybius, Thucydides, and 

 Demosthenes prefers the imperfect rather than the aorist.f 



An interesting example is found in 2, 120 : d 8e rot nal iv toio-i ■npioToio-t 



Xpovoim raura eyivuxrKov, ene\ noWoi peu tu>v aXKoiv Tpozutv . . . dndoWvvrn. . . . 

 rovTa>v 8e rntovrav crvpftaivovrciyv, iyco pev eXiropat . . . dirobovvat av avrr/v 



Toi.cn 'A^aiolo-t, k.t.X. Since dnoftovvai av = " [Priam] would have given 



* Cf. Hultsch, Die Erzahlenden Zeitformen bei Polybius, in the Abb. d. k. saehs. 

 Gesellsch. d. Wissen., 13 (1893), pp 89 ff.; Miller, Am. Jour. Phil., 16 (1895), p. 

 161, n. 1. 



t Cf. Hultsch, op. cit, pp. 103 ff ; Miller, Am. Jour. Phil., 16 (1895), p. 163 ; 

 Blass, Rhein. Mus., 44 (1889), pp. 410 ff. 



