192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY. 



inasmuch as a 2nd aorist fjyyeXw is doubtless to be rejected for Herodotus,* 

 we must choose between irap^yyeXXov and -napriyyeiXav. Herodotus uses 

 elsewhere both the imperfect (9, 53) and the aorist (3, 147; 4, 89, 

 partic.) of irapayyeXXoi. In pseud. -Dem., 50, 19, we have what we 



should expect in our passage : eVeifir) 6 re Eiiktij/xcov ijKev Ka\ 6 aTparrjyos 

 napf/yye IXeu dvdyecrdcu, k.t.X. It should however be noted that here the 

 subject is singular, while in our passage it is plural. In view of the 

 passage in pseud.-Demosthenes, and the -rvap^yyeiXov of C, the change to 

 napriyyeikuv is tempting f; but since all the MSS. readings point to an 

 ending in -ov, I would not urge the change. The imperfect, if it be read, 

 is probably to be explained as descriptive or panoramic. 



The conjunction 6'kcos- is found with the present optative where over- 

 lapping action is exclu led in 1, 11 (KaXe'ot) and 1, 171 (Sdoiro). In 6, 77 : 



oKcos 6 'S.TrapTiaTrji Krjpvtj Trpocrripaiuoi ti AciKeSapoinoicri, tiroievv Kid ol 'Apyelot. 



tuvto tovto, 7r poar]paivoi. is the reading of all MSS. except R, which 

 gives irpo<jr)p.aivti. It is beyond question here that the action of 

 irpoo-ripaivoi was wholly antecedent. Furthermore a few words after 

 this passage the same verb occurs twice in the same temporal relation, 

 and in both cases the aorist stem is used : 6ko\6v tl . . . crrjprjveie and 

 firav a-rjprjvr). As to the possibility of corruption from Trpoarjprjveie to irpo- 

 o-rjpalud, note that for o-rjprjveie in 6, 78, MS. d has arjpijvci, and for 



(Trjprjvri the same MS. has crrjpaivr]. Cf. also 7, 88 : eiredv vp.1v vqprjvo), 

 k.t.X. ; 8, 18, 80 ; 9, 1. I would read here (rqprjveie. 



In 2, 108: ukois re anioi 6 norapos, (nravi^ourfs vSutuiv, k.t.X., and 2, 125: 



okos Be avioi 6 Xldos eV avrov, k.t.X., where the subordinate action is 

 wholly antecedent, observe first, that this verb had no aorist in use, 

 and secondly, that the root ft- expresses both aoristic and extensive 



action! 2, 140: okco? yap o\ (fioiTav (tLtov ciyovT.is . . ., es Tr]i> 8u>pei)v 

 KeXeveii> acpeas <a\ crnohov Kopl^tiv. Here (poirdu is lor <^>oiraev of the 



oratio recta. The present stem is used because tins verb, as we should 

 expect from its meaning, was not used in the aorist. § 



In regard to verbs of perception, both sensuous and intellectual, the 

 usage of Herodotus is surprisingly regular, and this is the more note- 

 worthy, because in verbs of this kind the mode of conception was, to a 

 larger extent than in the case of other verbs, within the writer's choice. 



Out of 23 examples of aladdvopai. pavBdvoo, nvudduopai. ill clauses with 



* Cf. Veiteli, Greek Verbs 2 , p. 5 ; Kiihner-Blass, Gr. Gram., Teil 1, Band 2, p. 344. 



t Polybius uses 37 aorists to 9 imperfects of irapayyeWw. See Am. Jour. Phil., 

 16 (1895). p. 164 



| Cf. above, p. 191. § Cf. Veiteli, Gr. Verbs 2 , s. v. 



