BRACKETT. — TEMPORAL CLAUSES IN HERODOTUS. 199 



rqv nalSa aTrenXee, coy 8i iylvero iv rco 7reXayei' . . . avrr\v BiaBrjaas KarrJKe is 

 to neXayos, k.t.X. iylvero, ABCPR, St., Kal., H., Ab., KrUg. ; iyevero, SZ. 



iylvero, if read here, must mean, "after he was coming to (getting to) 

 the open sea." The meaning which we expect is, " when he got out into 

 the open sea," as Macaulay translates. It is obvious that Themison 

 could not let the girl down into the niXayos until he had actually reached 

 it, and the natural and normal tense by which to express this idea is the 

 aorist. 



7, 197 : Sep^rjs 8i ravra aKovaas, cos Kara to dXcros iylvero, avrds re epyero, 



K.T.X. 



eyivero, ABC, Kal.. vll., St. ; iyevero, PRsvz, H., Ab., Kr. The MS. 

 authority is here about equally divided. There is certainly little aptness 

 of meaning in saying, " after he was coining near the sacred grove he 

 kept away from it." What we want here is, "after he came" ("had 

 come "), and hence the aorist is to be preferred. 



In six passages (5, 18; 6, 129; 7, 119 ; 8, 14, 108, 126) the context 

 does not give auy strong indication whether the imperfect or aorist is to 

 be preferred. The best that can be done therefore is, in the light of 

 Herodotus's general usage, to be guided by the weight of MS. author- 

 ity. Where the MS. evidence is about evenly divided, and the context 

 is neutral, I should myself prefer the aorist for reasons given above. 



In two places the present stem, though it is given in all MSS., seems 



to be inappropriate : 1, 196 : cos dv al rrapdevot yivolaro ydp.cov copciiai, raxiras 



. . . h ev xorlov lcrdyeo~K.ov aXeas, k.t.X. This can mean only "after the 

 maidens were becoming of marriageable age." But we may surely as- 

 sume that they were not thus sold off until they had already become old 

 enough to be married; and, to express this, yevolaro is necessary, which 

 was read by Aldus and more recently by Kriiger. 



6, 110: fifTii fie ol crrparrjyol rcov f] yvcopr] ecpepe avp,(3dXXeiv, cos eKaarov avrcov 

 iylvero npvravrjlrj rijs rjpeprjs, MiXridSj] Trapeftibocrav. All MSS. give iylvero. 

 But observe what follows : 6 fie 8eKop.evos ovri kco o-vp(3oXr]v eiroieero, irplv ye 

 8f] civtou 7rpvTavr)ir] iyevero. cos fie is ine'ivov rrepir)X6e, evOavra Si), k.t.X. It 



cannot be denied that iyevero and rrepiriXde describe an event exactly like 

 the one described by the preceding iylvero. What we need here is iyevero, 

 "after the turn of each to command for the day had come." 



B. Clauses of Contemporaneity 



Logically, clauses of contemporaneity may be divided into two classes : 

 clauses of coincidence, and clauses of insertion. In the clauses of these 

 kinds, the use of tense-stems conforms in nearly all cases to the princi- 



