214 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY. 



to regard the temporal relation as that of co-extension, okcos being equiv- 

 alent to OKore '. eXovTO pev yap bnb tov Aio's, uncos vol, k t.X. 



ocraKis. 



60-dicis is used but once (1, 198), and expresses purely antecedent action. 



an tjs, an ov, e£ oil, e£ oreu, e'£ oaov. 



All of these expressions, except an r/?, are used absolutely, and in each 

 case the meaning is "since." an r/s always has fjpepr) as an antecedent. 



[coanep. J 



coanep is given by Kuhner (Gram.' 2 , II, p. 948) and Liddell & Scott 

 (Lex., s. v. coanep) as a temporal conjunction. Kuhner says expressly 

 that coanep is used as a temporal conjunction in Herodotus ; the only 

 place to which he can refer is 6, 41 : koi coanep opprjdr] [6 MtArtdS^s] ex 

 KdpSir;? noXms, (Kallenberg and most editors punctuate so) eVrXee Sio tov 



MeXavos KoXnav ' nnpafxeiftero re ttjv Xepaovrjaov Kal ol <&oiviKes ol nepininTovai 



rf/ai vavo-i This is generally interpreted, I suppose, as Macaulay trans- 

 lates it : " and having set out from the city of Cardia, he was sailing," 

 etc. But does coanep mean " after " here ? Leaving aside this passage, 

 no sure case of coanep as a temporal conjunction seems to occur in clas- 

 sical Greek. In Aristoph., Pax, 24, quoted by L. & S., coanep is clearly 

 not temporal, but modal. In Soph., Oed. Col., 1361, coanep, if it be read, 

 is not temporal but modal.* 



A close parallel to our passage is found in Time, 8. 23, 1 : 'Aorvo^os, 



. . . coanep copprjTO. nXecov e< rcof Keyxpeicov dcpiKvelTai is Xt'oi/, which Jowett 



translates correctly, I think, " Astyochus set out from Cenchreae, as lie 

 intended, and arrived at Chios." Compare Herodotus, 7, 1 : <a\ pdXXov 

 copprjTo \&'ipe1os\ aTpareveadai inl t>)v 'EXXdSa ; and 5, 50 : o fie vnapnaaas tov 

 inlXoinov Xoyov toi' 6 ' ApcaTayopr/s copprjTO Xeyeiv, k t.X. ; and Od., 4, 282 : 



vcoi pev apeporepco peverjvapev oppr/OevTe 

 j] i^eXdepevai ij evboBev afy vnaKovaai. 



If in our passage we take cbanep in the sense of " as," and punctuate, not 

 after noXws, but after opprjdr), we may translate thus : " and, as he in- 

 tended, he sailed from the city of Kardia through the gulf of Melas," 

 etc. In view of the evidence, it seems much better to take coanep here 

 as comparative rather than temporal. 



* Cf. Jebb, note ad loc. : " with Sicnrep the sense is 'however I may live, ' — 

 whether my remaining life be less, or even more, wretched than now." 



