BRACKETT. — TEMPORAL CLAUSES IN HERODOTUS. 219 



Trpiv, TTpiv rj. 



npiv and np\v rj after a negative main clause express limit. 



npoTfpov rj. 



See above. 



V. Order of Clauses. 



The general principles -regarding the relative order of the main and 

 the temporal clause have been stated above (p. 174). 1 shall give under 

 this topic merely a statement of the facts with regard to the divergences 

 in Herodotus from the normal order, and, where possible, the reason for 

 such divergences. 



A. Antecedence. 



Generally the temporal clause precedes the main clause. Very fre- 

 quently, however, some word or words, not the predicate verb, belonging 

 to the main clause, are placed before the temporal conjunction. The 

 word so placed is frequently the subject either of both clauses (1, 10, 70; 

 3, 76), or of the main clause only (1, 21) ; the object either of both 

 verbs (4, 168), or of the main verb only (6, 19 ; 7, 77) ; or a dative case 

 belonging to the main clause (1, 103). A genitive absolute sometimes 

 precedes (1, 65) and sometimes follows (1, 12) the temporal clause. o5r 

 is placed with the verb at the very end of the temporal clause five times 

 (3, 13, 54; 5, 18, 101; 8, 134).* 



In clauses of antecedence the temporal clause stands after the verb of 

 the main clause in the following passages: d>s : 1, 12, 103; 3, 13. 21 

 54, 70, 156; 6, 135; 7, 173 ; 8, 137; 9, 13, 115; oW: 1, 186; 6, 121 

 7, 41, 128; fW: 1, 60; 7, 176; 9, 58; liredv. 1, 182, 183; 2, 19, 29 

 73, 97, 132, 153; 3, 72, 151 ; 4, 23, 68, 69, 72 ; 8, 144; <Wre : 1. 14 

 56; 2, 57; 3, 7, 156; 4, 43, 155; 5, 44; 6, 101 ; 7, 8a, 59; 9, 26, 107 

 forms of or (oa-os) : 2, 15, 44, 44 2 , 98. 



Examination of these clauses shows that there are certain general 

 principles which in most cases govern the deviation from the regular 

 order. "When the temporal clause specifically defines the time of the 

 main clause, the action whose time is thus defined naturally stands first 

 (2, 29, 73, 132; 3, 72, 151 ; 4, 68; 7, 173; 8, 144); and this -relation 



* Thomas, De Particulae ws Usu Herodoteo (1888), p. 51, has omitted, 3, 13 ; 

 5, 18; 8, 134. 



