MORGAN. — ON THE LANGUAGE OP VITRUVIUS. 477 



'only in Virgil and Ovid' does vado signify ' to go.' For cf. Ennius, A. 

 281 M. ; vadunt solida vi ; A. 591 : ingenti vadit cursu ; And. Herenn. 2, 

 29; cum f eras bestias videamus cdacres et erectas vadere ; Catullus 63, 31 : 

 vaga vadit (sc. Attis) ; 03, 86 : (leo) vadit /remit refringit virgidta pede 

 vago ; Sallust, lug. 94, 6: Romani instare, fundere ac plerosque tantum 

 modo sauciare, dein super occisorum corpora vadere ; Cic. T. D. 1, 97: 

 vadit enim in eundem carcerem atqae in eundem paucis post annis scy- 

 phum Socrates. In all these passages we find vado used in the sense of 

 ' go ' rather than ' depart,' but the ' going ' indicated in them is something 

 more than is meant by the every day sense of that word; for something 

 rather more grand is intended. The English ' move ' would be a better 

 translation. Here it is interesting to compare with the Ciceronian pas- 

 sage Livy 2, 10, 5, where of Horatius Codes he says: vadit inde in 

 primum aditum pontis, and Weissenborn-Miiller notes : ' er geht mit 

 gewaltigem Schritte, [xaKpa fiifids.' See also Livy 6, 8, 2 and 7, 24, 6. 

 Finally we have vado in two letters of Cicero: Att. 4, 10, 2: ad eum 

 postridie mane vadebam cum haec scripsi ; Att. 14, 11, 2: Lentulus 

 Spinther hodie apud me. Cras mane vadit. I believe that I have now 

 cited all the Ciceronian passages in which the simple vado occurs, and it 

 seems probable that when Ussing speaks of vado as meaning ' to depart ' 

 in this author, he is thinking of the two occurrences in the letters. But 

 it is obvious that in them it is only the context that authorizes the trans- 

 lation ' depart,' which would have applied equally well to iturus eram for 

 instance, if it had stood in the former of them. And on the latter 

 Tyrrell and Purser suggest the translation ' passes on his way,' adding : 

 'There is a slight poetical colour about this word; cf. Stiuner, p. 16.' 

 Having thus prepared ourselves to understand the meaning of vado, let 

 us turn to Vitruvius. We are told that he uses ire only once but vadere 

 1 frequently.' The fact is that he uses a form of the verb vado five times. 

 But never was there a case in which statistics were more misleading if 

 we conclude from them, without examining the contexts, that to Vitruvius 

 vado and eo were synonyms, and that he uses vado in the every day sense 

 of eo. At the outset we must remember that Vitruvius is not an his- 

 torian, orator, or dramatist, and that consequently we should not expect 

 to find the verb eo used often by him : he has little occasion to speak of 

 anybody as 'going' anywhere in the usual sense. This observation 

 alone would be sufficient to account for the absence of the simple verb eo 

 from his work. Now how does he employ the verb vado ? Five times 

 he has the simple verb. Of these occurrences, three refer to movements 

 of the sun or moon : 220, 13 : sol autem signi spatium quod est duodecuma 



