MORGAN. — ON THE LANGUAGE OF VITRUVIUS. 481 



fortasse : 183, 3: Sed forte nonnulli haee levia iitdicantes putant, etc.; 

 parve: 229, 14: parve per eos flectitur delphinus ; temperate (with 

 genitive as parum) ; 18, 6: volucres minus habent terreni, minus umoris, 

 caloris temperate, a'eris midtum, cf. 45, 20 : umoris autem temperate ; 

 57, 4: umoris temperate; 57, 21: terreni temperate.' — Here it must 

 first be observed that although aliter is strangely used by Vitruvius in 

 the two passages cited, 1 ? yet since no parallel is quoted by Ussing or 

 Praun 18 from a late author, this again must be set down as a peculiarity 

 of the style of Vitruvius 19 (see above, p. 475). Of forte in the sense 

 of fortasse, I know no occurrence in prose before or in the Augustan age. 

 Besides 133, 3 (cited by Ussing), we find it in 116, 7: dicet aliquis forte. 

 It also occurs unobjectionally with si in 24, 10 and 184, 22 ; and not in 

 the sense of fortasse twice; 168, 13 and 176, 12. In two out of six 

 occurrences Vitruvius violates the approved usage and writes like a late 

 prose author. But it should not be forgotten that a poet of the best 

 period used forte thus : cf. Hor. Epod. 16, 15 : forte quid expediat 

 quaeritis. As for ' the adverb parve,' no student of Vitruvius should 

 be willing to base any statement about style on the obviously corrupt 

 passage in which it appears in the manuscripts (see Rose's apparatus 

 criticus, and Kaibel, Hermes 29, 95 ; Thiele, Himmelbilder, 55). Of 

 the Vitruvian usage of temperate (in itself a perfectly good Ciceronian 

 adverb) with the genitive, three things are to be remarked : first, that 

 it cannot be used as evidence of late authorship, because no late author 

 is cited as employing it; second, that it is not in meaning the equivalent 

 of parum, for in 57, 4 the words umoris temperate are followed by 

 parum terreni (cf. also 45, 20) ; third, that the genitive with temperate is 



17 And in 14, 24: cum ad usum patrum familiarum aut ad pecuniae copiam aut ad 

 eloquent lae dignitatem aedijicia aliter disponentur. Here the best MSS. have alte, but 

 the emendation (found indeed in L) is certain. Vitruvius has aliter elsewhere 15 

 times in the usual applications. 



18 Or cited in the Thesaurus, where Vitr. 33, 24 is not included at all, and where 

 the peculiarity of 218, 23 is overlooked; see Thesaurus, s. v. alius, p. 1653, 52. 



19 The nearest resemblance is Seneca Q. N. 4, praef. 22 as it is quoted in the 

 Thesaurus, p. 1656, 40: uno enim tempore (Sicilia) vidit Pompeium Lepidumque ex 

 maximo fastigio aider ad extrema deiectos, cum Pompeius alienum exercitum fugeret, 

 Lepidus swum. Editions here with MSS. cited in them have aliter aliterque. Some 

 good reason for the reading in the Thesaurus will, I suppose, be given by Gercke 

 who made the excerpts from this work of Seneca's for it, in his forthcoming edition 

 of the Q. N. But it seems to me that, with this reading, the passage is errone- 

 ously placed in the Thesaurus under the caption aliter et (-que). Another use of 

 aliter in the sense of ' differently ' is found in Pomp. Mela 1, 57 : multo aliter a ceteris 

 agunt. 



VOL. XLI. — 31 



