484 PROCEEDINGS OP THE AMERICAN ACADEMY. 



atriums the symmetrical proportions cannot be the same as in larger.' 

 See the Thesaurus s. v. ab, pp. 39, 55. 



'Ad is placed instead of the dative or parallel with it, as in 91, 3: 

 metopae quae proximae ad angulares triglyphos fiunt ; 182, 4: hae regio- 

 nes sunt proximae ad septentrionem (equally by Euodius in Augustine 

 Ep. 158, 2: adjinem vitae proximus) ; 147, 1 : lavationi rusticae minis- 

 tratio non erit longe, but soon after : ad olearios fructus commoda erit 

 ministratio. Equally in 256, 16: ita hortis ad inrigandum vel ad sa Unas 

 ad temperandum praebetur aquae multitudo ; 251, 18 : ut ad solvendum non 

 esset, in lieu of the generally applied solvendo. " On the whole," Prauu 

 observes on p. 65, "the preposition ad with the gerund or the gerundive 

 has extended its sphere at the expense of the other constructions, the 

 genitive, the dative, and in with the ablative. " ' — The use of proximus 

 with ad and the accusative is found much earlier than Euodius ; cf. 

 Varro, L. L. 6, 8 : ad nos versum proximum est solstitium ; Lucr. 2, 135 : 

 (ea corpora quae) proxima sunt ad viris principiorum ; Pliny, N. H. 

 2, 64: ad terrae centrum humillimae atque proximae. We have also 

 proprius ad in Cicero, Fin. 4, 64. It must not be thought that this is the 

 only construction with proximus found in Vitruvius. He has the simple 

 dative twenty-one times, and ad with the accusative only three times 

 (add 135, 11 to Ussing's examples). In his second set of examples 

 under this head of the use of ad, Ussing (following Praun, p. 89) seems 

 to think that we have two constructions with ministratio erit, first the 

 dative and then ad and the accusative. But this latter belongs to com- 

 moda, and the construction is that which is found twice on the preceding 

 page (146, 6: ad omnes res commoda; 146, 14: ad usum commoda). 

 Though elsewhere rare, yet we have in Caes. B. C. 3, 100, 3 : tempore 

 anni commodiore usus ad navigandum, and in Ovid, F. 2, 288 : nee satis 

 ad cursus commoda vestis erat. It cannot therefore be held to be a sign of 

 the 'dissolution of the language.' In the third set of examples (256, 16) 

 Ussing with Praun (p. 64) seems to have taken hortis as a dative, and to 

 have thought that with praebetur we have both a dative and an accusative 

 with ad. But it seems far more probable, if not certain, that we have 

 here two locative constructions : hortis, ' in gardens ' (for Vitruvius's use 

 of the locative ablative of many appellatives, see Nohl, Anal. Vitr., p. 10, 

 and observe that only eight lines below our passage he has the locative 

 ablative locis with praebendum, 256, 24 : sin autem magis altis locis erit 

 praebenduni), and ad salinas, ' at saltworks.' It is true that I do not 

 find the locative phrase ad salinas in any other writer, but this is mere 

 accident, for it is an expression which belongs in the class of other loca- 



