MORGAN. — ON THE LANGUAGE OP VITRUVIUS. 485 



tive phrases with ad cited in the Thesaurus, p. 522 f. 21 And Vitruvius 

 has this use of ad elsewhere : e. g. ad villas (148, 9), ad circum, ad cam- 

 pion, ad for turn (30, 12 f.). It is worth noting that by another accident 

 ad campion (sc. Martium) seems not to occur elsewhere in literature, but 

 that it is found in the Monumentum Ancyranum, 2, 40. The variation in 

 the locative expressions, from hortis to ad Salinas is Vitruvian : see e.g. the 

 considerable variety in 30, 7-22 ; also in gymnasio . . . foro (174, 10) ; 

 ad villas . . . in urbe (148, 9-11) ; in montibus aut ad ipsos montes 

 (188, 18). Next Ussing's fourth example under this head, ut ad solven- 

 dum non esset, presents the unique ad solvendum instead of the common 

 dative solvendo (found for instance in Cic. Phil. 2, 4 ; Off. 2, 79 ; 

 Att. 13, 10, 3; Fam. 3, 8, 2; and in the jurists). What should be in- 

 ferred from this ? That our Vitruvius is a late writer ? Not at all, for 

 no late writer is cited as using ad solvendum. It is a peculiarity in Vitru- 

 vius and nothing more. Of the same sort is that peculiarity in Cicero's 

 letters when he uses twice esse ad scribendum {Att. 1, 19, 9; Fam. 12, 

 29, 2) instead of the common scribendo adesse (for which see the The- 

 saurus, s. v. assum, 918, 43 ff., and Cicero himself in the second passage 

 just cited). And a glance at the context of Vitruvius shows why he 

 used the peculiar ad solvendum. It runs thus : Sic Paeonius ducendo et 

 reducendo pecuniam contrivit ut ad solvendum noil esset. Obviously the 

 usual dative solvendo was avoided for fear of obscurity on account of du- 

 cendo and reducendo. Finally, with Praun's general observation cited 

 by Ussiog we need not trouble ourselves here, for of course Praun never 

 meant it to be taken as evidence of the late authorship of Vitruvius. 



' De instead of the simple ablative in 1, 16 : parenti tuo de eo fueram 

 notus. Likewise e in 3, 22 : circini usum, e quo maxime facilius aedi- 

 ficiorum expediuntur descriptiones.' — But casual de is in itself no proof 

 of recent authorship, and the use of it as denoting ' den Erkenntnisgrund ' 

 is one of Driiger's categories (I, p. 630) illustrated by him with examples 

 from Plautus and Cicero, to which may be added Rhet. Herenn. 4, 44 res 

 tota parva de parte cognoscitur. Furthermore, in the passage cited from 

 Vitruvius, the simple eo could hardly have been written without danger of 

 obscurity on account of parenti tuo. The use of e with the ablative in- 

 stead of a simple instrumental may seem lumbering and awkward in 3, 22 ; 

 but that it was not unknown to the classical period is obvious from its 

 appearance in Cicero, Rep. 2, 58 : ex aere alieno commota civitas as well 



21 Cf. also Livy's circa Romanas salvias 7, 19, 8 ; also ad gallinas, Plin. N. H. 

 15, 137; Suet. Galba, 1. 



