242 Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Sta. Vol. 2, No. 47 



(C) 



1. Spread out the gauze with the long side parallel with the edge of the 



table ; place on it the tissue envelope with the long edge parallel 

 with the short side of the gauze, and about 2 inches (5.08 cm.) 

 from the right side. 



2. Over the tissue envelope place a thin layer of non-absorbent cotton and 



adjust it so that it extends beyond the tissue envelope, making 

 about l^.'i'^c^^ (^'S mm.) margin on all sides. 



3. Fold the gauze from right to left and left to right over the cotton. 



4. Muff the ends of gauze on face of pad similar to other sphagnum pads. 



Stitch the back and ends if necessary. 



5. When the pad is complete it should be 4 x 6 inches (10.2 x 15.2 cm.). 



6. Tie in packages of 10 with face side up, except the top one which 



should be face down ; thus a cotton side is exposed on top and 

 bottom of package. Pads 4x4 inches (10.2 x 10.2 cm.) are made 

 in a similar way. The zorbik is cut 8 by 7 inches (20.3 x 17.8 

 cm.) and the gauze 10 x 7I/2 inches (25.4 x 19 cm.). Pads 2x3 

 inches (5.08 x 7.6 cm.) are also made similar to the 4x6 inch 

 (10.2 X 15,2 cm.) pads. The zorbik is cut 414x5 inches (11.5 x 

 12.7 cm.) and the gajize 6x6 inches (15.2 x 15.2 cm.). 

 In all cases a margin of non-absorbent cotton of about l/^-inch (6.3 



mm.) is left. 

 The above method of making sphagnum dressing is quite different 

 from that employed by the British who make about ten different sizes, 

 according to the special use they wish to make of them. The encasements 

 for these pads consist of a flat bag made of long cloth with fine enough 

 weave to prevent the moss from sifting through. This bag is filled with 

 the appropriate amount of moss and sewed up. 



The Canadian Red Cross has adopted three types of sphagnum 

 dressings: the British type just mentioned; a "standard dressing" similar 

 to that made by the American Red- Cross ; and a bed pad made of second 

 grade moss. During the year 1918 the Canadians concentrated most of 

 their energy on the standard dressing, making less of the British type and 

 comparatively few of the bed pads. 



From October 1917 up to the time the armistice was signed on the 

 11th of Nevember, 1918, the Northwestern Division of the Red Cross 

 had made 10,000 of the British type and 540,000 of the American type 

 of sphagnum pads. Of this number 60,000 were made at the University 

 of Washington, partly by the students and partly by interested persons 

 in the vicinity of the University. In addition to these there are standing 

 orders which (Feb. 1919) have not been countermanded, from the base hos- 

 pital at Camp Lewis, for 600 pads a month of the following sizes: 4x6, 

 4x4 and 2x3 inches (10.2x15.2, 10.2x10.2, and 5.08x7.6 cm.); and 

 from the base hospital at Vancouver for 1600 pads a month, half 7x7 and 

 half 4x6 inches (17.8 x 17.8, 10.2 x 15.2 cm.). The making of sphagnum 



