OP ARTS AND SCIENCES. 325 



In 1736 Clayton sent two roses to Gronovius from Virginia, one as 

 a Dog Rose, '■'•Rosa canina'' the other as a "Sweet Br\ar," which 

 were published by Gronovius in 1739 in the Flora J'uffuiica under 

 Clayton's exceedingly brief descriptive phrases. Linntcus, whose good 

 judgment led him to be very prudent in recognizing species in this 

 genus, iu the first edition of his Species Phmtarwn (1753) makes no 

 reference to tliese species of Gronovius, nor to any but those of Dille- 

 nius, and solely upon the figure and description of the " Rosa Carolina 

 frcigrans" of the latter made his original Rosa Carolina. In the *S^5- 

 tema Natures of 17 GO, however, and still more fully in the second edi- 

 tion of the Species Plantarum (17G2), he redeseribed the species from 

 specimens raised in the Upsal Garden ; but, noticing the discrepancies, 

 he now cited Dillenius with a doubt. The specimens presej-ved in the 

 Liuntean herbarium satisfactorily identify this first established species, 

 as Linnreus here and always afterward defined it, with the R. Carolina 

 as it was figured by Wangeuheim (in 1787) and others, and as it has 

 long been generally understood in this country. 



JMiller, who was the authority of his day upon the cultivated plants 

 of England, in the seventh edition of his Gardeners' Dictionary (1759) 

 described the " Wild Virginia Rose, kept in gardens for the sake of 

 variety, and growing naturally in Vii'ginia and other parts of North 

 America," and, considering it the same as the Rosa sijlcestris Virfjini- 

 ensis of Parkinson and Ray, he adopted their specific phrase, and 

 accordingly in the next edition (17G8) named it after the Linnsean 

 method Rosa Virginiana. It is impossible to identify it from the 

 description. The name was afterward taken up by DuRoi (1771 and 

 1772), Wangenheim (1787), and by Gmelin (179G), and applied by 

 them to a form of R. Carolina, or perhaps to the same garden form 

 that was described by Ehrhart in 1789 under the name R. lucida, 

 to which species it was referred iu Martyn's edition of Miller's Dic- 

 tionary in 1807. 



Gronovius in the second edition of the Flora Virginica (17G2) adds 

 a third species from Virginia, Clayton's '■'■Rosa alta palusiris" (his 

 previous species being '' sylres/res" or Wood Roses), and refers all 

 three to Linnasus's R. canina, as varieties. Dr. Gi-ay found iu 1839 

 in Clayton's herbarium, preserved at the British Museum, two speci- 

 mens, one " our Rosa parviflora" and the other near to it. Clayton's 

 tall swamp rose was probably R. Carolina. 



In 1772 DuRoi described two roses, then in cultivation in German 

 gardens, under the names R. Virginiana and R. Carolina. The first 

 appears to have been the true R. Carolina, and the latter Ehrhart's 



