OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 331 



American botanists up to tliis time bad accepted Pursb as tlieir 

 autbority, and tbe lists (in 1818) of Mublenberg in bis Cataiogue, and 

 of Nuttall in bis Genera, as well as tlie species adopted by Amos 

 Eaton in bis Manual of tbe same year, are taken from bim witb little 

 cbange. Mublenberg, bowever, knew actually of but two native 

 species in Pennsylvania, tbougb be failed to identify tbcm correctly, 

 as appears from tbe manuscript of bis unpublisbed Flora, now in tbe 

 library of tbe Gray berbarium, in wbicb be describes " R. Carolini- 

 ana" and " i?. coryinhosa" tbe first evidently being JR. humilis and 

 tbe last R. Carolina. Barton also, in bis Compendium (1818), as 

 afterward Darlington in bis Florida Cestrica (182G) and Flora Ces- 

 trica (1837), recognized only tbe same two species, understanding 

 tbem rigbtly. Elliott, in tbe Botany of South Carolina and Georgia 

 (1821), describes from personal knowledge only two native species, 

 " R. par vi flora " and " B. lucida " (i, e,, li. humilis and E. Carolina), 

 witb tbe introduced R. Icevigata and R. suaveolens (R. ruhiginosa), to 

 wbicb be adds Micbaux's R. setigera, and R. gemella, R. Carolina, and 

 R. lutescens, taking tbe descriptions from Pursb and Sraitb. Torrey, 

 in bis Flora of the Northern and Middle States (1824), and in tbe 

 Compendiiun (1826), gives as native species R. parviflora, R. nitida, 

 R. lucida, R. gemella, and R, Carolina, tbe descriptions taken from 

 Willdenow. R. nitida and R. gemella be bad never seen, but tbe 

 otber species he describes in tbe Flora more in detail, and witb bis 

 usual accuracy. 



In 1823 an expedition to tbe Red River of tbe Nortb was sen! 

 out by tbe Secretary of War (J. C. Calboun), under Major Long, wbo 

 readied Lake Winnipeg and returned by tbe nortbern sbore of Lake 

 Superior. In Keating's account of tbe expedition (1825), Scbweinitz 

 gave a list of tbe plants collected, and among tbem described R. Sayi 

 as a new species. Tbis bas been considered a form of R. blanda, or of 

 R. acicidaris, but it is, in my opinion, distinct. In 1827 Cbamisso and 

 Scblecbtendal published in Linncea tbe first described species from tbe 

 Pacific Coast {R. Calif ornica) , wbicb bad been collected in 1816 near 

 San Francisco by Cbamisso while attached to tbe Russian expedition 

 under Kotzebue. 



Tbe first discussion of tbe roses found outside of tbe Atlantic 

 States was by Borrer, an English botanist, in Hooker's Flora Boreali- 

 Americana, in 1831, and included all tbe species that had been col- 

 lected in British America by Banks, Richardson, Drummond, Douglas, 

 Menzies, Scouler, and others. He evidently found difficulty in deter- 

 mining the species satisfactorily, and the specimens of the same col- 



