THE MICROSCOPE. 121 



shelves and cases ; each fact gained to be carefully laid by, as it 

 were, arranged and ticketed so that it may be readily found at any 

 time when wanted, and collected with corresponding facts. 



Stauroneis fulmen really deserves a less off-handed mode of 

 treatment than it receives (see p. 126). It is a very elegant and in- 

 teresting stranger, having been described by a dear and valued 

 friend of mine, J. Brightwell, N. S. Wales. The description with 

 figures will be found Quarterly Journ. Micro. Sci. for 1859, p. 

 179, and PI. IX., Fig. 60. By a clerical error Ralph has attributed 

 its discovery in " Pritchard's Infusoria," p. 911, to De Brebisson. 



Grammatophora. — A useful way of preparing these filamentous 

 Diatomaceie may be mentioned. This is to float a very small 

 quantity of the material on to a glass slip, and well dry it ; the en- 

 dochrorae almost disappears, with the gelatinous cushions uniting 

 the frustules at their alternate ends, or these may be entirely re- 

 moved if thought well by heat from a spirit-lamp. 



Bulgaria inquinans (PI. XIII., Figs, i and 2).— In connection 

 with the account given on p. 124, I may add that some of these 

 sections, ^vhich can be scarcely made when matured, in their en- 

 tirety, may be so when the plant is first passing into this condi- 

 tion, with the tissue formed, but not yet fully hardened. It is so 

 with Pteris crispa, an object noted as hard to cut, since the woody 

 portions become dense and resist the knife, whilst the cellular 

 grow either weaker or atrophy, and crush under the force needful 

 in making the section. 



Some of the larger Peziza may be cut with ease throughout, so 

 as to show corresponding parts to those here seen beautifully. 



The relationships between Fungi and Lichens are highly 

 curious and interesting and so strong, that we need not wonder 

 at some "advanced" botanist throwing them together, to the 

 discouragement of the student, and (as it appears to me) with- 

 out any equivalent gain to the cause of science. Such a course is 

 only calculated to lead to confusion in the long run, whilst 

 seriously embarrassing, in the meantime, to those who, not having 

 knowledge, yet earnestly desire to gain it. 



The paraphyses are not male organs, but rather equivalent to 

 the hairs of plants serving to separate the asci, and facilitate the 

 access of air and moisture to them. The male organs, where 

 known, appear only in an early stage, and resemble the stylospores 

 and sterigmata of Lichens. The radiating appendages to capsules 

 of the Erisiphei furnish a valuable specific distinction, and one 

 which is easily observed. In the example under notice, they are 

 short, simple, and semi-erect ; with some they are furcate at their 

 tips, branched simply, or beautifully sculptured. The best way 



Journal of iMicroscopy and Natural Science. 



New Series. Vol. II. 1889. m 



