x Ji CONTENTS. 



Chap. • Pa ° 9 



45. Trees which bear no fruit : trees looked upon as ill-omened . . 385 



46. Trees which lose their fruit or flowers most readily 38& 



47. Trees which are unproductive in certain places 387 



48. The mode in which trees bear . . . . . • ib. 



49. Trees in which the fruit appears before the leaves ib. 



50 ' Trees which bear two crops in a vear. Trees which bear three 



OOQ 



crops • • .• • o0 ° 



51. Which trees become old with the greatest rapidity, ami which 



most slowly 389 



52. Trees which bear various products. Cratsegum 390 



53. Differences in trees in respect of the trunks and branches . . . . 391 



54. The branches of trees 392 



55. The bark of trees 393 



56. The roots of trees ib. 



51. Trees which have grown spontaneously from the ground . . . . 394 



58. How trees grow spontaneously— diversities in their nature, the 



same trees not growing everywhere 395 



59. Plants that will not grow in certain places . . ^ 396 



60. The cypress * 397 



61. That the earth often bears productions which it has never borne 



before 399 



62. The ivy — twenty varieties of it ib. 



63. Thesmilax 402 



64. Water plants : the rush : twenty-eight varieties of the reed . . 403 



65. Reeds used for arrows, and for the purpose of writing . . . . 404 



66. Flute reeds : the reed of Orchomenus ; reeds used for fowling 



and fishing 405 



67. The vine-dresser's reed " 408 



68. The willow : eight varieties of it 409 



69. Trees, in addition to the willow, which are of use in making 



withes _ 410 



70. Rushes: candle-rushes: rushes for thatching 411 



71. The elder: the bramble ib. 



72. The juices of trees 412 



73. The veins and fibres of trees 413 



74. The felling of trees 415 



75. The opinion of Cato on the felling of timber 416 



76. The size of trees : the nature of wood : the sappinus 417 



77. Methods of obtaining fire from wood .. 421 



78. Trees which are proof against decay : trees which never split . . 422 



79. Historical facts connected with the durability of wood .. .. 423 



80. Varieties of the teredo . . . . . , 425 



81. The woods used in building 426 



82. Carpenters' woods 427 



83. Woods united with glue ib. 



84. Veneering . . 428 



85. The age of trees. A tree that was planted by the first Scipio 



Africanus. A tree at Rome five hundred years old . . . . 429 



86. Trees as old as the City 430 



87. Trues in the suburban districts older than the City ib. 



