Chap. 44] ANIMALS WHICH HATE TUFTS AND CEESTS. 43 



autumn, the gad-fly becoming quite blind 57 even before it dies. 

 Flies which have been drowned in water, if they are covered 

 with ashes, 58 will return to life. 



CHAP. 44. (37.) THE NATTJEE AND CHABACTEEISTTCS OF ALL 



ANIMALS CONSIDERED LIMB BY LIMB. THOSE WHICH HAVE 

 TUJFTS AND CEESTS. 



In addition to what is already stated, we will add an ac- 

 count of every part of the body of an animal, taken limb by limb. 



All those which have blood, have a head as well. A small 

 number of animals, and those only among the birds, have 

 tufts of various kinds upon the head. The phoenix 59 has a 

 long row of feathers on it, from the middle of which arises 

 another row ; peacocks have a hairy tuft, resembling a bushy 

 shrub ; the stymphalis 60 has a sort of pointed crest, and the 

 pheasant, again, small horns. Added to these, there is the lark, 

 a little bird, which, from the appearance of its tuft, was 

 formerly called " galerita," but has since received the 

 Gallic name of " alauda," 61 a name which it has transferred to 

 one of our legions. 62 We have already made mention, also, 

 of one bird 63 to which Nature has given a crest, which it can 

 fold or unfold at pleasure : the birds of the coot kind 64 have 

 also received from her a crest, which takes its rise at the 

 beak, and runs along the middle of the head ; while the pie 

 of Mars, and the Balearic crane, are furnished with pointed 

 tufts. But the most remarkable feature of all, is the crest 

 which we see attached to the heads of our domestic fowls, 

 substantial and indented like a saw ; we cannot, in fact, 

 strictly call it flesh, nor can we pronounce it to be cartilage 

 or a callosity, but must admit that it is something of a nature 

 peculiar to itself. As to the crests of dragons, there is no one 

 to be found who ever saw one. 



57 They only appear to be so, from the peculiar streaks on the eyes. 

 Linnaeus has hence called one variety, the Tabanus caecutiens. 



58 Or with pounded chalk or whitening. JElianadds, u if they are placed 

 in the sun," which appears necessary for the full success of the experiment. 

 Life appears to be suspended in such cases for a period of surprising length. 



69 Probably the golden pheasant, as already mentioned. 



60 Some kind of heron or crane, Cuvier thinks. 



61 The Alauda cristata of Linnaeus, so called from " galera," a pointed 

 cap like a helmet. 



6 2 The fifth legion. 63 The hoopoe, B. x. c. 44. 



64 Savigny and Cuvier take this to be the Ardea virgo of Linnaeus, a 

 native of Nuniidia. 



