Chap. 52.] THE EYES. 49 



which we have mentioned 87 as cartilaginous, and the viper. 

 These animals have only cavities instead of ears, with the ex- 

 ception of the cartilaginous fishes and the dolphin, which last, 

 however, it is quite clear possesses the sense of hearing, for it is 

 charmed by singing, and is often taken while enraptured with 

 the melody : how it is that it does hear, is quite marvellous. 

 These animals, too, have not the slightest trace of olfactory 

 organs, and yet they have a most acute sense of smell. 



Among the winged animals, only the horned owl and the long- 

 eared owl have feathers which project like ears, the rest having 

 only cavities for the purpose of hearing ; the same is the case, 

 also, with the scaly animals and the serpents. Among horses 

 and beasts of burden of all kinds, it is the ears which indicate 

 the natural feelings; when the animal is weary, they are droop- 

 ing and flaccid ; when it is startled, they quiver to and fro ; 

 when it is enraged, they are pricked up ; and when it is ailing, 

 they are pendant. 



CHAP. 51. THE FACE, THE FOREHEAD, AND THE EYE-BROWS. 



Man is the only creature that has a face, the other animals 

 having only a muzzle or a beak. Other animals have a fore- 

 head as well, but it is only on the forehead of man that is 

 depicted sorrow, gladness, compassion, or severity. It is the 

 forehead that is the index of the mind. Man has eyebrows, 

 also, which move together or alternately ; these, too, serve in 

 some measure as indications of the feelings. Do we deny or 

 do we assent, it is the eyebrows, mostly, that indicate our 

 intentions. Feelings of pride may be generated elsewhere, 

 but it is here that they have their principal abode ; it is in the 

 heart that they take their rise, but it is to the eyebrows that 

 they mount, and here they take up their position. In no part 

 of the body could they meet with a spot more lofty and more 

 precipitous, in which to establish themselves free from all 

 control. 



CHAP. 52. THE EYES — ANIMALS WHICH HAVE NO EYES, OR HAVE 



ONLY ONE EYE. 



Below the forehead are the eyes, which form the most pre- 

 cious portion of the human body, and which, by the enjoyment 



87 B. ix. c. 40. 

 VOL. III. E 



