Chap. 102.] THE KNEES AND THE HAMS. 87 



blance to man in the face, the nostrils, the ears, and the eye- 

 lids ; being the only quadrupeds, in fact, that have eyelashes on 

 the lower eyelid. They have mammas also on the breast, arms 

 and legs, which bend in opposite directions, and nails upon 

 the hands and fingers, the middle finger being the longest. 

 They differ somewhat from man in the feet ; which, like the 

 hands, are of remarkable length, and have a print similar to 

 that of the palm of our hand. They have a thumb also, and 

 articulations similar to those in man. The males differ from 

 man in the sexual parts only, while all the internal viscera 

 exactly resemble those of man. 



CHAP. 101. (45.) THE NAILS. 



It is generally supposed that the nails are the terminations 

 of the sinews. All animals which have fingers have nails as 

 well. In the ape they are long and overlapping, 36 like a tile, 

 while in man they are broad : they will grow even after death. 

 In the beasts of prey they are hooked, while in others, such 

 as the dog, for instance, they are straight, with the exception, 

 indeed, of the one which is attached to the leg in most of 

 them. All the animals which have feet [and not hoofs], have 

 toes as well, except the elephant ; he, also, would appear to 

 have toes, five in number, but rudely developed, undivided, 

 and hardly distinct from one another, bearing a nearer resem- 

 blance, in fact, to hoofs than to claws. In the elephant the 

 fore-feet are the largest, and in the hind-feet there are short 

 joints. This animal is able, also, to bend the hams inward 

 like a man, while in all the others the joints of the hinder 

 legs bend in a contrary direction to those of the fore ones. 

 Those animals which are viviparous bend the fore-leg forward, 

 while the joint of the hind-leg is directed backward. 



CHAP. 102. THE KNEES AND THE HAMS. 



In man the knee and the elbow bend contrary ways ; the 

 same is the case, too, with the bear and the ape, and it is for 

 this reason that they are not so swift of foot as other ani- 

 mals. Those quadrupeds which are oviparous, such as the 

 crocodile and the lizard, bend the knee of the fore -leg back- 



36 This seems to be the meaning of " imbricatus." 



