Chap. 106.]. hoofs. 89 



C. Marius, who was seven times consul, was the only man ever 

 known to be able to have them extracted in a standing po- 

 sition. 



CHAP. 105. THE GAIT, THE FEET, THE LEGS. 



All animals take a right-hand direction when they first 

 begin to walk, and lie down on the left side. "While the other 

 animals walk just as it may happen, the lion only and the 

 camel walk foot by foot, or in such a way that the left foot 

 never passes the right, but always comes behind it. Men have 

 the largest feet ; in every kind of animal the female has the 

 smallest. Man only 40 has calves, and flesh upon the legs : we 

 find it stated by authors, however, that there was once an 

 Egyptian who had no calves on his legs. All men, too, with 

 some few ey jeptions, have a sole to the foot. It is from these 

 exceptional cases that persons have obtained the names of 

 Plancus, 41 Plautus, Pansa, and Scaurus ; just as, from the mal- 

 formation of the legs, we find persons called Varus, 42 Yacia, and 

 Vatiniv.s, all which blemishes are to be seen in quadrupeds 

 also. , Animals which have no horns have a solid hoof, from 

 whi',h circumstance it is used by them as a weapon of offence, 

 in place of horns ; such animals as these are also des- 

 tfcute of pastern bones, but those which have cloven hoofs 

 nave them ; while those, again, which have toes have none, 

 nor are they ever found in the fore-feet of animals. The 

 camel has pastern bones like those of the ox, but somewhat 

 smaller, the feet being cloven, with a slight line of division, 

 and having a fleshy sole, like that of the bear : hence it is, 

 that in a long journey, the animal becomes fatigued, and the 

 foot cracks, if it is not shod. 



chap. 106. (46.) — HOOFS.- 



The horn of the hoof grows again in no animals except 

 beasts of burden. The swine in some places in Illyricum 

 have solid hoofs. Nearly all the horned animals are cloven- 

 footed, no animal having solid hoofs and two horns. The 

 Indian ass is only a one-homed animal, and the oryx is both 



40 The frog is, in some measure, an exception. 



41 Or "flat-foot," "splay-foot," "large-foot," and "club-footed." 



42 Words meaning " knock-kneed," " bow-legged," and " wry-legged." 



