258 PLINY'S NATURAL HISTORY. [Book XIV. 



seed, abrotonum, 31 wild mint, rue, 32 catmint, 33 wild thyme,** 

 and horehound. 35 A couple of handfuls of these ingredients 

 are put into a cadus of must, as also one sextarius of sapa, 36 and 

 half a sextarius of sea- water. A wine is made of the naphew 37 

 turnip by adding two drachms of naphew to two sextarii of 

 must. A wine is made also from the roots of squills.' 9 Among 

 the flowers, that of the rose furnishes a wine : the leaves are 

 put in a linen cloth and then pounded, after which they are 

 thrown into must with a small weight attached to make them 

 sink to the bottom, the proportion being forty drachms of leaves 

 to twenty sextarii of must ; the vessel in which it is kept 

 must not be opened before the end of three months. A wine, 

 too, is made of Gallic nard, 39 and another kind of the wild 40 

 variety of that plant. 



I find, also, that various kinds of aromatites 41 are pre- 

 pared, differing but very little in their mode of composition 

 from that of the unguents, being made in the first instance, 

 as I have already stated, 42 of myrrh, and then at a later period 

 of Celtic nard, 43 calamus, and aspalathus, 44 of which cakes are 

 made, and are then thrown into either must or sweet wine. 

 Others, again, make these wines of calamus, scented rush, 40 

 costus, 46 Syrian nard, 47 amomum, 48 cassia, 49 cinnamon, saffron, 50 

 palm-dates, and foal-foot, 51 all of which are made up into cakes 

 in a similar manner. Other persons, again, put half a pound 

 of nard and malobathrum 52 to two congii of must ; and it is 

 in this manner that at the present day, with the addition of 



31 Artemisia abrotonum of Linnaeus. 32 Ruta graveolens of Linnaeus. 

 33 Nepeta cataria of Linnaeus. 34 Thymus serpyllum of Linnaeus. 



35 Marrubium vulgare of Linnaeus. 



36 Grape-juice boiled down to one-tbird. 



37 Brassica napus of Linnaeus. a8 Scilla marina of Linnaeus. 



39 Nardus Gallicus, or Valeriana Celtica of Linnaeus. _ See B. xii. c. 2G. 



40 Nardus silvestris or baccaris. 41 Aromatic wines. 

 42 In c. 15 of this Book. 43 Valeriana Celtica. 



44 Convolvulus scoparius of Linnaeus. 



45 Andropogon scbcenanthus of Linnaeus. 



46 Costus Indicus of Linnaeus. 



47 Andropogon nardus of Linnaeus. 



48 See B. xiii. c, 2. 49 See B. xii. c. 43, 



50 Crocus sativus of Linnaeus. 



51 Asarum Europaeum of Linnaeus. 



52 See B. xii. c. 59. 



