Chap. 7.] 



ARTIFICIAL OILS. 289 



pounded; and from mastich 77 also. As to the oil called 

 " cyprinum," 78 and that extracted from the Egyptian 79 berry, 

 we have already mentioned the mode in which they are pre- 

 pared as perfumes. The Indians, too, are said to extract oils 

 from the chesnut, 80 sesanium, and rice, 81 and the Ichthy- 

 ophagi S2 from fish. Scarcity of oil for the supply of lamps 

 sometimes compels us to make it from the berries 83 of the plane- 

 tree, which are first steeped in salt and water. 



(Enanthinum, 84 again, is made from the oenanthe, as we have 

 already stated when speaking of perfumes. In making gleu- 

 cinum, S5 must is boiled with olive-oil at a slow heat ; some 

 persons, however, do not employ fire in making it, but leave a 

 vessel, filled with oil and must, surrounded with grape husks, 

 for two and twenty days, taking care to stir it twice a day : 

 by the end of that period the whole of the must is imbibed 

 by the oil. Some persons mix with this not only sampsu- 

 chum, but perfumes of still greater price : that, too, which is 

 used in the gymnasia is scented with perfumes as well, but 

 those of the very lowest quality. Oils are made, too, from as- 

 palathus, 86 from calamus, 87 balsamum, 88 cardamum, 89 melilot, 

 Gallic nard, panax, 90 sampsuchum, 91 helenium, and root of 

 cinnamomum, 92 the plants being first left to steep in oil, and 

 then pressed. In a similar manner, too, rhodinum 93 is made 

 from roses, and juncinum from the sweet rush, bearing a remark- 

 able 94 resemblance to rose-oil : other oils, again, are extracted 



77 A fixed oil. See B. xii. c. 36. The seeds were used for making it. 

 See B. xxiii. c. 45. 



™ See B. xii. c. 51, and B. xxiii. c. 45. The leaves of the Lawsoma 

 are very odoriferous. ... 



'9 The myrobalanus, or ben. See B. xii. c. 46, and B. xxm. c. 4b. 



so Neither the chesnut nor rice produce any kind of fixed oil. 



si See B. xvii. c. 13. 



82 Or Fish-eaters. See B. xxxii. c. 38. This is one of the fixed oils. 



w In reality, no fixed oil can he obtained from them. 



84 Or wild vine. See B. xii. c. 61, and B. xiii. c. 2. 



85 Not an oil, so much as a medicinal preparation. Dioscondes mentions 

 as component parts of it, omphacium, sweet rush, Celtic nard, ? aspalathus, 

 costus, and must. It received its name from yXtvicog, "must." _ 



86 The Convolvulus scoparius of Linnaeus. See B. xii. c 52, and B. xni. 

 c 2 87 See B. xii. c. 95. 



' 88 See B. xii. c. 54, and B. xiii. c. 2. 89 See B. xii. c. 29. 

 so See B. xii. c. 57. 91 See B. xiii. e. 2, p. 163. 



92 See B. xii. c. 41. 93 See B. xiu. c. 2. 



a* Fee doubts the possibility of such a resemblance. 

 VOL. III. V 



