Chap. 35.] CULTUBE OF THE VINE. 513 



up, then twenty feet 57 every way will do. A single tree is 

 often made to support as many as ten vines, and the grower is 

 greatly censured who attaches less than three. It is worse 

 than useless to attach the vine before the tree has gained its 

 full strength, as in such case its rapidity of growth would 

 only tend to kill the tree. It is necessary to plant the vine 

 in a trench three feet in depth, leaving an interval of one 

 foot between it and the tree. In this case there is no neces- 

 sity for using mallet shoots, or for going to any expense in 

 spading or digging ; for this method of training on trees has 

 this advantage in particular, that it is beneficial even to the 

 vine that corn should be sown in the same soil ; in addition to 

 which, from its height, it is quite able to protect itself, and 

 does not call for the necessity, as in the case of an ordinary 

 vineyard, of enclosing it with walls and hedges or ditches, 

 made at a considerable expense, to protect it from injury by 

 animals. 



In the method of training upon trees, reproduction from 

 quicksets or from layers is the only mode employed of all 

 those that have been previously described ; the growing by 

 layers being effected two different ways, as already mentioned. 

 The plan, however, of growing from layers in baskets set upon 

 the stages 58 of the tree is the most approved one, as it ensures 

 an efficient protection from the ravages of cattle ; while, accord- 

 ing to another method, a vine or else a stock-branch is bent 

 into the ground near the tree it has previously occupied, or else 

 the nearest one that may be at liberty. It is recommended 

 that all parts of the parent tree that appear above ground 

 should then be scraped, so that it may not throw out wood ; 

 while at the same time there are never less than four buds on 

 the part that is put into the ground for the purpose of taking 

 root ; there are also two buds left above ground at the head. 

 The vine intended for training on a tree is planted in a furrow 

 four feet long, three broad, and two and a half in depth. At 

 the end of a year the layer is cut to the pith, to enable it to 

 strengthen gradually at the root ; after which, the end of the 

 branch is pruned down to within two buds from the ground. 

 At the end of two years the layer is completely separated 

 from the stock, and buried deeper in the ground, that it may 



51 From Columella, B. v. c. 7. 

 58 This method is no longer employed. 

 VOL. III. L L 



