218 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY. 



is practically converted into a marsh. On the foreland at Marrowstone point the 

 sand dunes have almost obliterated tlie marsh. 



On this same Port Townsend sheet the rounding of the point of the cusp may 

 be studied. At point Wilson the concave curves intersect in a slightly rounded 

 cusp, while at Kala point the cusp is more blunt, and VValan point is decidedly 

 rounded. The curves at point Hudson have a long radius, so the sides of the 

 cusp are nearly straight, and since they meet at nearly right angles the foreland 

 has a broad flattened appearance. The curve on the right side of Marrowstone 

 point changes from a concave to a convex form, so that it gives that side of this 

 foreland a snubbed look. 



Sand point, projecting into Popof strait, Alaska (C. S.,8891), is a fairly typical 

 example of a cusp with enclosed lagoon. The point is here somewhat blunted, 

 more on the southern than the northern side. This foreland as mapped is evidently 

 a piece of made land, built forward in the process of shore development. ^ 



A typical example is seen in New Dungeness harbor, Washington (C. S., 046), 

 where inside of the beautiful hooked spit forming the harbor tlie foreland projects 

 with a very sharp point. 



Gaspee point (Fig. 26) in Narragansett bay (C. S.,3047) may be taken as a typical 

 example of this lagoon-marsh stage. 



A rounded cusp with completely enclosed lagoon occurs near the mouth of 

 llorup bay (Germ., 24 ; Denm., Faaborg). Upon the same sheet there is a typically 

 sharp pointed cusp projecting from the north end of Aru island. This projects 

 at right angles to the general shoreline, but the belt of water is iiere so wide that 

 the wind-made currents probably have as much controlling influence as the tidal, 

 possibly more. 



Filled Stage, Figure 23. — West point, Washington.* 



Dungeness point t on Romney marsh, England, is a cuspate projection into the 

 English channel (Eng., 4). 



In tiie eastern entrance to Magellan strait, South America, is one of the largest 

 known forelands of tliis class. Westward from cape Virgins and south of a nipped 

 cliff 100 to 300 feet in height projects from five to six miles a second Dungeness, 

 named by some British seamen in recognition of a form similar to that of tlie great 

 Englisli sand cusp (H. 0., 443, profile in View A). 



Sandy point, Magellan strait, Soutii America (H. O., 450"), is another example. 



On Douglas island opposite Juneau, Alaska, is a tidal cusp at low water, while at 

 high tide it is covered (C. S., 734). The rise and fall of tide at tins point is 18 feet. 



Sextant point, San Quentin bay, Lower California, is apparently a cusp built 

 out between two rocky headlands (H. O., 1043). 



Estauques point, Venezuela, is a long narrow cusp (H. O., 1087). 



Alice point, on tlie bottom of the foot of the Italian boot, is a foreland which 

 sliows no included marsh. Its axis if projected across the gulf of Taranto would 

 touch the extremity of the heel, as if its existence showed the attempt of the sea 

 to close the gulf (Ital., 231). 



* See page 214. 



t Topley, Geol. of the Weald, 1875, 211, 303; F. Drew, Romney Marsh, Mem. 

 Geol. Sur. Eng. and Wales, 1864 ; F. P. Gulliver, Dungeness Foreland, London 

 Geog. Jour., 1897, IX. 536-546. 



