GULLIVER. SHORELINE TOPOGRAPHY. 245 



the northwest and southwest respectively, are given (Scot., 71, 72, 81, 82, 91, 92. 

 100, 101 ; 19, 20, 21, 22, 27, 28, 29, 30, 35, 36, 37, 38, 43, 44, 45, 46). 



The shores of Kristiania fjord (Nor., 9, A, B, C, D ; 10, A, C ; 14, B, D). 



The Bergen region with structural northwest to southeast trend (Nor., 16, G, 

 D; 22, A, B; 23, A). 



Central Norway (page 159). 



Soutliern coast of Finland (Rus., 11, 25). 



The eastern shore of the Cattegat northward from Warberg (Swe., 18, 24, 25, 

 32, 41, 51, 61). 



Coast of Chile (H. 0., 445, 446, 446«, 447, 447', 38; also Piano Topografico y 

 Geologico de la Republica de Chile, sheet 12). 



The California coast near San Francisco (C. S., 5500, 5520, 5521, 5599). 



Depression : Adolescence. — The type example of adolescent sliore development 

 following depression is in Germany on a coast of moderate relief upon the south- 

 ern shore of the Baltic (Germ., 1, 3, 8, 15, 16, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 43, 44, 45, 46, 

 47, 48, 49, 50, 65, 66, 70, 71, 72, 73, 92, 93). Beaches occur at the foot of the 

 cliffs, and the cliff lines are gently curving. The transportation of material takes 

 place practically all alongshore, wings have grown out from the headlands, and the 

 bays are nearly all enclosed by bars. Deltas occur at tlie bay-heads and are 

 growing forward, but the bays are not as yet filled by laud waste and sand blown 

 in from the bars. Upon the inside of the bars there are cuspate projections of 

 sand, while nips are seen upon the mainland itself. At a distance of from 3 to 10 

 kilometers offsliore there is a depth of from 20 to 25 meters, which seems to repre- 

 sent the submarine platform. Offsets, overlaps, and stream deflections are not 

 strong in either direction, but show a slight alongshore action toward the east or left, 

 thus indicating a dominant current from the right. This dominance appears to be 

 stronger toward the eastern side : witness the wing growing eastward from Putzig 

 headland, the inlet to Frische bay nearer the northeast end of the bar, and the 

 inlet to Kurische bay crowded way over to the northeast end close to the mainland. 



One feature very typical of adolescence which is not well shown along the 

 northern coast of Germanj' is island-tying. There are several areas, which were 

 possibly isolated portions of the mainland at the beginning of the cycle, that are 

 now completely connected with the mainland by sea and river aggradation, but 

 there are no typical tombolo-tied islands,* so common elsewhere. Tlie reason for 

 the absence of such islands seems to be that this shoreline is one developed upon 

 a drowned coastal plain, not deeply dissected and somewhat masked by glacial 

 aggradation. The writer's interpretation of the late history of this region is that, 

 after the elevation of tlie Tertiary and Pleistocene strata of the North German 

 plain, the dissection of the land advanced to adolescence. Then followed a mod- 

 erate depression by which the adolescent valleys were drowned, but the land was 

 not sufficiently dissected to allow the formation of many islands. 



Another example is the west coast of Central America, gulf of Nicoya to 

 Burica point (H. 0., 1016, 1017). 



Blanca and Falsa bays. Lower California (H. O., 1115). 



Playa Maria bay to Rosalia point, Lower California (H. O., 1118). 



Bay of Avatcha and approaches, Kamchatka (H. 0., 54). 



* See page 189. 



