536 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY. 



Lipactinia, and that roughly speaking the size of the plant is apt to be 

 inversely proportionate to the size of the heads, i. e. the large-headed 

 species are chiefly herbaceous, the medium-headed species fruticose, and 

 the small-headed fruticose or arborescent, — a rule which, of course, has 

 many exceptions. Annual species are known only in Ha7nuHuvi and 

 Ximenesia. The related genus Actinomeris is maintained, as by Dr. 

 Gray, for the two typical species, which in their divergent pappus-awns 

 and globose receptacles are sufficiently marked. The genus Otojjtvppus 

 cannot be distinguished solely upon the ear-like wing of the achene, but 

 is readily recognized by its more paniculate (less corymbose) inflorescence 

 and opposite oval attenuate undivided leaves, which are 3-5-nerved from 

 near the base. 



VERBESINA, L. (name a derivative of Verlena, applied because of 

 some resemblance in foliage) . — Heads radiate or discoid : ray-flowers 

 when present usually styliferous and fertile but sometimes styliferous 

 and sterile, and sometimes neutral : disk-flowers fertile. Involucre hemi- 

 spherical or campanulate, sometimes much shorter than the disk-flowers ; 

 bracts imbricated in 2 to 6 series, ovate to lance-oblong or linear, seldom 

 squarrose, the outer usually but not always shorter. Receptacle usually 

 conical ; pales concave, folded about the outer edge of the laterally com- 

 pressed disk-achenes, sometimes squarrose in age. Corollas orange-yellow 

 to cream-colored or white ; rays short and scarcely exserted or more often 

 long and showy ; disk-corollas regular, with short tube, cylindrical throat 

 and 5-toothed limb. Anthers unappendaged at the base. Style-tips 

 acute or attenuate. Achenes glabrous or upwardly pubescent, sometimes 

 tuberculate, strongly compressed laterally, usually oblong or obovate, 

 winged on each edge. Pappus of 2 deciduous or persistent usually 

 straight rarely hooked or obsolete awns. Herbs or shrubs (becoming 

 arborescent in the tropics) with leaves serrate, dentate, or variously lobed, 

 sometimes opposite, sometimes all or partly alternate, often of harsh 

 texture and more or less scabrous, seldom glabrous, often decurrent. 

 Heads small to large, numerous and corymbose to solitary on long ter- 

 minal peduncles. Wings of the achenes white, chartaceo-cartilaginous. — 

 Syst. Nat. (1735), & Spec. ii. 901, in part; DC. Prodr. v. 612 ; Benth. 

 & Hook. f. Gen. ii. 379 ; Baillon, Hist. PI. viii. 204; Gray, Proc. Am. 

 Acad. xix. 11-15 ; Klatt, Leopoldina, xx. 92-94, xxiii. 143-144; Hoff- 

 mann in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iv. Ab. 5, 238. Chief syno- 

 nyms : Ancistrophora, Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. n. ser. vi. 457. Hamulium, 

 Cass. Bull. Soc. Philom. 1820, p. 173. Platypteris, HBK. Nov. Gen. 



