OP ARTS AND SCIENCES. 73 



name of the L. elongata^ Muhl. &c. ; L. integrifolia, Bigelow (a 

 better and perhaps nearly as old a name as L. sacjittifulia, Ell., which 

 is not quite certain) ; L. hiusuta, Muhl. and Nutt. (an older and quite 

 as good a name as L. sanguinea, Bigelow) ; L. gramixifolia, a south- 

 ern species of wide extension westward ; L. Ludoviciana, DC, a 

 species which ranges from Dakota to Texas, and is marked by its 

 larger heads and more imbricated and larcre-bracted involucre. A sec- 

 tion, Lactucastrum, is proposed for L. pulchella, DC, with char- 

 acters intermediate between the preceding and the following. 



It is impossible not to agree with Bentham and Hooker in referring 

 the American Malcjedla to Lactuca. Of our three species, L. Flori- 

 dana has an obvious but stout beak to the akene. But the akenes 

 figured by Gcertner for this species, when he transferred Sonchus Flori' 

 danus, L. to Lactuca^ do not belong to it. There is good reason to 

 believe that these figures were made from the specimen of Sonchus 

 Floridanns in the Bauksian herbarium ; and that, as we had long ago 

 noted, is L. leucophcea. 



L. acuminata, Sonchus acuminatus, Willd. The akenes of this are 

 beakless, and with barely an obscure neck. X. villosa, Jacq. Hort. 

 Sclicenbr., is an earlier but a misleading name. The plant has no vil- 

 losity and commonly is devoid even of hirsute pubescence on the mid- 

 rib and veins of the leaf beneath. 



L. LEUCOPHCEA, Sonchus leucophceus, Willd., is the well-known and 

 widely diffused species with sordid jjappus. Its akenes are narrowed 

 at summit into a neck, but have no beak. The large synonymy of 

 this species may be still further extended ; for it must be the <S. ra- 

 cemosus as well as S. spicatus of Lamarck, S. biennis of Moench, and 

 it may also be S. midtijlorus, Desf. 



IxERiS, Cass., which, with Ciiorisma, Don, we had maintained as 

 a genus under the former name, are referred as sections to Lactuca 

 by Bentham and Hooker. But the akenes are equally and saliently 

 costate all round, and are essentially terete. We suppose that the 

 genus ought to stand. 



rarely utricular and enlarged, when it is Cryptopletcm Cnlifomka, Nutt. 1. e ; 

 sometimes witli ribs extended into wings, and these sinuous-undulate and tliielily 

 covering the body, when it is Marwrhi/tichus heleroplq/llus, Nutt. 1. c, in Errata 

 made Kymapleura heterophi/lla ; — two peculiar genera upon mere conditions of 

 one species. A difference between marginal and inner akenes is not rare in 

 CichoriacecB. 



