ANDREW ATKINSON HUMPHREYS. 529 



spent iu active campaigning had aiforded no experience on works of 

 construction, on surveys, or on special investigations. 



The sreat chansjes in ordnance and the introduction of armor 

 plating ui^on ships of war, rendered necessary a complete revision of 

 our system of sea-coast defence. Works of internal improvement 

 were undertaken upon a gigantic scale, calling for the earnest and 

 systematic efforts of the Corps, both individually and as a body, to 

 meet in this branch of duty the just expectations of the War 

 Department and of Congress. 



Never before had so responsible duties devolved ujion the Chief 

 of Engineers, but it was soon seen that the hand of a master was 

 at the helm. The work of the general office was divided into four 

 divisions, and an officer of special litness was placed in charge of 

 each. The old responsible board of Engineers for Fortifications 

 was revived, with the distinguished names of Barnard, Cullum, 

 Tower, and Wright as its personnel. Officers of rank and experience 

 were selected for the charge of important districts and duties, accord- 

 ing to merit as shown by their records in the department; and soon, 

 under his careful attention, everything was working as smoothly as 

 if the great convulsion caused by four years of civil war had never 

 shaken the organization. 



General Humphreys's individual contributions to science, and his 

 care to advance its interests, were appreciated. In 1857, he was 

 elected a member of the American Philosophical Society, Philadel- 

 phia; in 1862, an honorary member of the Imperial Royal Geological 

 Institute of Vienna; iu 1863, a Fellow of the American Academy of 

 Arts and Sciences, Boston. In the same year, his name was placed 

 on the list of the original corporators of the National Academy of 

 Sciences. In 1864, he was elected an honorary member of the Royal 

 Institute of Science and Arts of Lombardy, Milan. He was also a 

 corresponding member of the Geographical Society of Paris ; of the 

 Austrian Society of Engineer Architects; and of the New Orleans 

 Academy of Sciences., In 1880, he was elected an honorary member 

 of the Italian Geological Society. The degree of LL. D. was con- 

 ferred upon him by Harvard College in 1868. 



In the regular service, besides the ordinary promotion in his 

 Corps, he received the brevets of Colonel, Brigadier-General, and 

 Major-General for gallant and meritorious services iu the battles 

 of Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, and Sailor's Creek. 



He was married in 1839 to his cousin. Miss Rebecca Hollings- 

 worth, and in his home the happiest hours of his life were spent. 

 VOL. xix. (n. s. XI.) 34 



