342 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY 



Records are made on franked postal cards, that are sent first to the 

 meteorological station in the chief town of the province, and after- 

 wards forwarded to Rome. 



Bavaria. Observations begun by Von Bezold in 1879 ; aided after 

 1880 by Von Schoder in Wiirtemberg. The results are published, 

 with other records of the Bavarian service, in the Beohachtungen der 

 meteorologischen Stationen in Baiern. In 1879, 279 observers took 

 part in the work, and 252 iu 1882; after the first year about GO 

 observers were added in Wiirtemberg. 



Observations : time and direction of heat-lightning ; time of first and 

 last thunder, rain, and hail ; direction of storm's advance ; direction and 

 strength of the wind before, during, and after the storm ; notes on dam- 

 age caused by the storm. Reports are made on franked postal cards. 



Netherlands. Work directed by the Royal Meteorological Insti- 

 tute at Utrecht ; observations in charge of, and reduced by Snellen ; 

 about three hundred observers in 1884. 



Observations: distance of the storm; time of the first, loudest, and 

 last thunder ; direction and velocity of clouds ; direction and force of 

 the wind before, during, and after the storm ; time of first and last rain 

 and hail, and their strength ; damage by storm. 



Intensities on scale of five. The record is made on a quarto page, 

 that goes free through the mail. 



Saxony. Study of thunder-storms instituted by Bruhns in 1880 ; 

 now directed by Schreiber at Chemnitz. 



Observations : time and direction of first appearance of storm, and of 

 first and last lightning, thunder, and distant rain ; time of first and last 

 local rain and hail ; time and direction of clouds (kind not specified) 

 passing zenith, or direction of their motion if they do not reach zenith ; 

 wind before, during, and after the storm. A special card is provided 

 for record of hail-storms. 



Central Gkrmany. Observations made by the Verein fiir land- 

 wirt/tsckaftliche Wetterhmde, under the direction of Assmann, beginning 

 in 1880. The results appear in a pamphlet, Die Gewitter in Mittel- 

 deutschland, by Assmann. There were over two hundred stations the 

 first year, and about six hundred in 1885. 



Observations : direction and intensity of storm ; time of first and last 

 thunder, and its intensity ; many notes on appearance, direction (up, 

 down, or horizontal), and form of lightning flashes, and on lightning 

 strokes; time of first and last rain and hail, with their amount; direc- 

 tion and strength of wind before, during, and after the storm ; notes 

 on dust-squall preceding the storm. 



